Infertility

Ms. Paridhi Jha

PhD Scholar,
Department of Womens and Childrens Health
Uppsala University, Sweden
Class outline
Definition
Male infertility
Female infertility
Treatment
Global burden
Infertility is:
the disability/ disease of the reproductive system defined

by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12

months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.

From: World Health Organization and International Committee Monitoring

Artificial Reproductive Techniques Glossary.

Global rates of fertility
80% of non-contracepting couples in reproductive age

group (and) having regular intercourse concieve within

one year.

90% of such couples conceive within 2 years.

Source: World Health Organization

Causes of infertility:
Male factor (40%)

Female factor (40%)

Unknown (20%)
Factors responsible for male
infertility
Factors responsible for female
infertility
 Treatment of male infertility:
Basic corrective measures are:

Treating infection

Corrective surgery (hypo/epispadiasis)

Addressing erectile dysfunction

Hormonal balancing (in case of high level of female hormones)

Dietery and life style modifications

 Treating Female infertility
Corrective surgery: Tubal patency, fibroidectomy or
polypectomy etc.
Artifical Egg Stimulation: Using HCG/Clomid/Decapeptyl (or
similar drugs depending on womans general health and
hormonal essay)
Intra Uterine Insemnisation (IUI)

Advanced fertility treatments include:

IVF or in vitro fertilization

ICSI or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, -- more often used in case of

male infertility.

Surrogacy

Adoption
 Prevalence of Infertility
WHO global report on infertility (2010) shows that

48.5 million couples- living together for 1-5 years- dealt

with infertility (primary and secondary).

The global rate of infertility has increased by 4% in this

decade as compared to 1990s.

The increase in the rate is majorily from Sub-Saharan and

South Asian Countries.

 Global Infertility Trends at a
Glance
One in every four couples in developing countries is
(WHO Database)

affected by infertility

WHO 2012 report: 1.9% women in reproductive age had

primary infertility. 10.5% had secondary infertility

Highest prevalence in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa,

North Africa/Middle East, and Central/Eastern Europe and

Central Asia.
We will continue with:
Infertility trends in India
Impact of infertility on quality of life