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  • Visual Pathway & Binocular Vision: DR Feti Karfiati, DR, SPM (K), Mkes

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    Kevin Karim
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    This document discusses the visual pathway, binocular vision, and strabismus. It provides information on: 1) How light enters the eyes and is transmitted through the visual pathway to the brain. The retina converts light into neural signals that travel to the visual cortex. 2) Binocular vision provides advantages like stereopsis and a wider visual field by combining input from both eyes. Around 75-80% of neurons in the visual cortex receive input from both eyes. 3) Strabismus is a condition where the eyes cannot remain aligned. It can be congenital or acquired, and involve horizontal, vertical, or torsional deviations. The goal of treatment is to achieve single binocular

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    This document discusses the visual pathway, binocular vision, and strabismus. It provides information on: 1) How light enters the eyes and is transmitted through the visual pathway to the brain. The retina converts light into neural signals that travel to the visual cortex. 2) Binocular vision provides advantages like stereopsis and a wider visual field by combining input from both eyes. Around 75-80% of neurons in the visual cortex receive input from both eyes. 3) Strabismus is a condition where the eyes cannot remain aligned. It can be congenital or acquired, and involve horizontal, vertical, or torsional deviations. The goal of treatment is to achieve single binocular

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    28 views36 pages

    Visual Pathway & Binocular Vision: DR Feti Karfiati, DR, SPM (K), Mkes

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Karim
    This document discusses the visual pathway, binocular vision, and strabismus. It provides information on: 1) How light enters the eyes and is transmitted through the visual pathway to the brain. The retina converts light into neural signals that travel to the visual cortex. 2) Binocular vision provides advantages like stereopsis and a wider visual field by combining input from both eyes. Around 75-80% of neurons in the visual cortex receive input from both eyes. 3) Strabismus is a condition where the eyes cannot remain aligned. It can be congenital or acquired, and involve horizontal, vertical, or torsional deviations. The goal of treatment is to achieve single binocular

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    of 36

    VISUAL PATHWAY &

    BINOCULAR VISION

    Dr FETI KARFIATI, dr, SpM(K), MKes


    Department of Ophthalmology
    Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran
    Cicendo, Indonesia National Eye Center
    What is the basic function of
    the eye?

    To catch and focus the light


    onto retina

    How can we see?


    SCHEMATIC
    OF VISUAL
    PATHWAY
    ANATOM
    Y

    Tortora, 12th ed,


    Part of
    The Retina
    SCHEMATIC
    OF VISUAL
    PATHWAY
    BINOCULAR VISION
    Two eyes are Better than one
    eye

    75%-80% of the neurons in visual cortex have


    inputs from both eyes

    The binocular field of view is larger than either


    monocular field (each eye: 60 o sup; 60 o nasal;
    75 o inf; 100 o temp) and ( binocular: horisontal
    increased to 200)

    The degree of dysfunction from bilateral eye


    disease can be predicted from the performance of
    the less impaired eye

    Provides a resource to retain functional vn

    improves functional vision by binocular


    summation and stereopsis
    VISUAL FIELD & VISUAL
    PATHWAY

    Tortora, 12th ed,


    VISUAL FIELD
    &
    VISUAL
    PATHWAY

    Tortora, 12th ed, 2009


    VISUAL
    FIELD
    DEFECT
    VISUAL
    FIELD
    DEFECT
    Binocular Single
    Vision
    RE LE
    Retina Retina
    l l
    Image image
    s s
    Sensory & Motor processes

    Fuse
    Visual
    cortex
    perception

    Single &
    stereoscopic
    Fusion

    Ability to fuse the image into


    single perception
    Fusion
    Simultaneous
    Perception

    Right
    Left eye
    eye

    The Ophthalmic Assistant, 8th ed, 2006


    Fusion

    Right
    Left eye
    eye

    The Ophthalmic Assistant, 8th ed, 2006


    Kansky, 6th ed, 2007
    Development of Binocular
    Vision

    Maturatio
    n of vision

    Stereosco
    pic

    Fusion &
    binocula
    r
    Advantages of Binocular
    Single Vision

    Stereoscopic
    Better shape & color
    perception
    Maintain alignment
    Wider visual field
    Otot ekstra okular
    Terdapat 6 otot penggerak
    bola mata kontrol
    pergerakan dan
    keseimbangan mata.
    N.III:
    M. rektus medial
    M. rektus superior
    M. rektus inferior
    M. oblique inferior
    N. IV:
    M. oblique superior
    N. VI:
    M. rektus lateral
    Gerakan bola mata

    Duksi : gerakan pada satu mata


    Versi : gerakan bersama kedua mata
    (gerakan bersama dari Yokes
    muscle)
    Vergence : convergence , divergence

    Pursuit (lambat/halus)
    Saccadic ( cepat )
    Strabismus

    Berasal dari bhs latin:


    strabismos
    juling, melihat miring
    Suatu kondisi, dimana seseorang
    tidak dapat mempertahankan
    kesejajaran kedua mata.

    Posisi mata normal ( muscle


    balance) : orthotropia
    Klasifikasi

    Onset usia:
    - Kongenital:
    Deviasi terjadi sejak lahir/bayi
    < 6 bulan

    - Didapat:
    Deviasi yang terjadi setelah
    periode perkembangan
    penglihatan normal.
    Jenis deviasi:

    - Horizontal: Esodeviasi kedalam

    Eksodeviasi- keluar

    - Vertikal: Hyperdeviasi keatas


    Hypodeviasi - kebawah

    - Torsional : Insiklodeviasi Eksiklodeviasi


    Esotropia Eksotropia
    Status fusi:
    - Phoria:
    Deviasi laten yang masih
    dikontrol oleh mekanisme
    fusi

    - Tropia:
    Deviasi manifes, yang
    tidak dapat dikontrol oleh
    mekanisme fusi.
    Jenis juling apa ?
    Variasi deviasi

    - Komitan:
    Deviasi yang terjadi sama pada
    semua arah gerak mata/fiksasi
    mata. Tidak ada hambatan gerakan
    otot bola mata

    - Inkomitan (nonkomitan):
    Deviasi bervariasi pada salah satu
    arah gerak mata. Ada hambatan
    gerakan otot bola mata
    Penanganan penderita

    Tujuan penanganan
    penderita strabismus
    tercapai penglihatan
    binokular tunggal

    Perbaikan kosmetik hanya


    ikutan dari tujuan diatas
    Penanganan penderita

    Non surgical
    - Koreksi kelainan refraksi
    kacamata

    - Penanganan ambliopia

    Surgical.
    Penderita pre & post operasi
    strabismus

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