Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PROGRAM
for
YOUR SMALL BUSINESS
HCA
Pre Course Quiz
1. What is an incident?___________________________________________________________
2. Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches. True or False
3. Employees attitude may affect safety . True or False
4. Fall protection is required any time you use a ladder over 6 feet. True or False
5. Employees are must take personal responsibility for their safety, their co-workers and others on a
jobsite. True or False
6. MSDSs are required for most chemicals used at a worksite and should be kept locked up in the
supervisors office for Safety. True or False
7. Guard rails should be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms. True or False
8. When setting up goals for safety on a worksite the acceptable number of incidents should be set
at___________. (give a number)
9. If a fatality happens on a jobsite due to negligence, unsafe conditions, etc. Who is usually responsible
and held accountable? Owner of company, Supervisor, Co-worker. Circle one
10.Safety rules and guidelines and must always be written. True or False
11.It is OSHAs responsibility to establish and implement a written hazard communication program. True
or False
12.Approximately 32 million workers work with or are potentially exposed to chemical hazards. True or
False
13.MSDSs are printed on a mandatory standard OSHA form.
14.PPE is usually an optional step for employees in dealing with hazardous chemicals. True or False
15.HazCom is commonly referred to as Right to know True or False
16.What is a Near Miss?_____________________________Do these need to be reported and investigated? True
or False
17.Employers are responsible to pay for all PPE for their employees. True or False
18.Safety Inspections should be conducted on all sites at least yearly. True or False
19.OSHA mandates First aid and CPR training for workers on sites. True or False
Four Elements Of a Workplace
Safety Program
Element #1 - Management,
Leadership and Employee Involvement.
Element #2, 3 Worksite Analysis and
Hazard Prevention and Control.
Element #4 Safety and Health
Training and Education.
ELEMENT #1
Management/Leadership/Employee
Involvement
2. an unexpected
unplanned,
and undesirable event.
accidents can be controlled
Basic Principles of Good Safety
Management
Management Commitment
Documented Safety Philosophy
Safety Goals and Objectives
Committee Organization for Safety
Line Responsibility for Safety
Supportive Safety Staff
Rules and Procedures
Audits
Safety Communications
Safety Training
Accident Investigations
Motivation
Management/Leadership/Employee
Involvement
The program must list the hazardous chemicals in each work area, how the employer will inform
employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks (for example, the cleaning of reactor vessels),
and hazards associated with chemicals in unlabeled pipes and how the employer will inform
other employers at a multi-employer worksite of the hazards to which their employees may be
exposed.
Get training from your employer on a variety of other health and safety hazards and standards
that your employer must follow. These include lockout-tagout, bloodborne pathogens,
confined spaces, construction hazards and a variety of other subjects.
Access relevant exposure and medical records. (29 CFR 1910.1020)
Employees Rights under OSHA Act
Request information from your employer on safety and health hazards in your
workplace, chemicals used in your workplace, tests your employer has done to
measure chemical, noise and radiation levels, precautions you should take and
procedures to be followed if you or other employees are involved in an incident or are
exposed to hazardous chemicals or other toxic substances.
Review the Log and Summary of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA 300) at a
reasonable time and in a reasonable manner or have an authorized representative do
so for you. (29 CFR 1904.7)
Employers must inform you of the existence, location and availability of your medical
and exposure records when you first begin employment and at least annually
thereafter. Employers also must provide these records to you or your designated
representatives within 15 working days of your request.
When an employer plans to stop doing business and there is no successor employer
to receive and maintain these records, the employer must notify you of your right of
access to records at least 3 months before the employer ceases to do business.
You may ask your employer to correct hazards even if they are not violations of
specific OSHA standards. Be sure to keep copies of any requests you make to your
employer to correct hazards.
FILE A COMPLAINT WITH OSHA if you believe that there are either violations of OSHA
standards or serious workplace hazards.
File a complaint and request OSHA to conduct an inspection if you believe serious
workplace hazards or violations of standards exist in your workplace. You can
file a complaint online , in writing, by telephone or fax . If you want an OSHA inspector
to come inspect your workplace, put your complaint in writing and send it to the
OSHA office nearest you. (OSH Act, Section 8), (29 CFR 1903.11)
Request in your written complaint that OSHA keep your name confidential if you do
not want your employer to know who filed the complaint. (OSH Act, Section 8)
Respond to questions from the compliance officer and tell the compliance
officer about workplace hazards, particularly if there is no authorized
employee representative accompanying the compliance officer on the
inspection "walkaround." (OSH Act, Section 8)
Employees Rights under OSHA Act
You and your coworkers have a right to talk privately and confidentially to the compliance officer whether or
not a workers' representative has been chosen.
You may point out hazards, describe injuries or illnesses or near misses that resulted from those hazards
and describe past complaints about hazards. Inform the inspector if working conditions are not normal
during the inspection. Make sure that the inspector is aware if equipment has been shut down, windows
opened or other conditions changed from normal.
FIND OUT RESULTS OF AN OSHA INSPECTION.
Find out the results of OSHA inspections and request a review if OSHA decides not to issue a citation.
If health hazards are present in your workplace, a special OSHA health inspection may be conducted by an
industrial hygienist. This OSHA inspector may take samples to measure levels of chemicals or other hazardous
materials.
OSHA will let the employee representative know whether your employer is in compliance. The inspector also will
gather detailed information about your employer's efforts to control health hazards, including results of tests your
employer may have conducted.
GET INVOLVED in any meetings or hearings to discuss any objections your employer has to
OSHA's citations or to changes in abatement deadlines.
File a discrimination complaint (under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act) within 30 days if you are
punished or discriminated against for exercising your safety and health rights or for refusing to
work (not guaranteed by the OSH Act) when faced with an imminent danger of death or serious
injury and there is insufficient time for OSHA to inspect.
REQUEST A RESEARCH INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBLE WORKPLACE HEALTH HAZARDS.
Contact the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to request a
health hazard evaluation if you are concerned about toxic effects of a substance in the
workplace.
PROVIDE COMMENTS AND TESTIMONY TO OSHA during rulemaking on new standards.
File an appeal of the deadlines that OSHA sets for your employer to correct any violation in
the citation issued to the employer. Write to the OSHA Area Director within 15 working days
from the date the employer posts the notice requesting on extension of the abatement
deadline if you feel the time is too long. (29 CFR 1903.17)
FILE A DISCRIMINATION COMPLAINT.
File a discrimination complaint (under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act) within 30 days if you are
punished or discriminated against for exercising your safety and health rights or for refusing to
work (not guaranteed by the OSH Act) when faced with an imminent danger of death or
serious injury and there is insufficient time for OSHA to inspect.
REQUEST A RESEARCH INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBLE WORKPLACE HEALTH
HAZARDS.
Contact the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to request a
health hazard evaluation if you are concerned about toxic effects of a substance in the
workplace.
SET EXAMPLE
KNOW, COMMUNICATE, AND ENFORCE STANDARDS
OBSERVE EMPLOYEES WORKING
ANALYZE & DISCUSS SAFETY HAZARDS
COMMUNICATE WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES
FOLLOW UP WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES
TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES ON RULES & PROCEDURES
CONDUCT INSPECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGE SAFETY BEHAVIOR
INVESTIGATE & REPORT ACCIDENTS
CORRECT UNSAFE UNHEALTHFUL CONDITIONS
Supervisors Responsibilities
REPORT WORKPLACE
HAZARDS
REPORT TO SUPERVISOR
ILLNESSES/ INJURIES OR
PROPERTY DAMAGE
RESULTING FROM
INCIDENT IMMEDIATELY!!
Take an Active part in Safety Activities
Supervisor:
ITEM
COMMENTS/CORRECTIVE
ACTION
Housekeeping (Garbage, cleanliness, electrical cords,
ladders)
COMMENTS:
If . . .
The work environment can be physically
changed to prevent employee exposure
to the potential hazard,
Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with an
engineering control.
Work Practice/ Administrative
Controls
If . . .
Employees can change the way they do
their jobs and the exposure to the
potential hazard is removed,
Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with a
work practice or administrative control.
Remember PPE is the last level of control!
Examples of PPE
These two things will drive and guide all work on a DOD
Project.
Written Accident
Prevention Plans
The accident prevention plan required by EM 385
is not some vague, generic document typical of
many construction companies that lists general
safety rules such as prohibiting horseplay, or
possession of firearms, alcoholic beverages or
illicit drugs on the job, and mandatory wearing of
long-sleeved shirts, hard hats and safety glasses.
Rather, it must be a detailed, site-specific written
plan that describes the management processes
that will be used to prevent accidents from
occurring on a specific construction project.
Written Accident
Prevention Plans
It is a written plan
that explains how a
contractor intends
to prevent
accidents from
occurring on a
specific
construction
project.
Written Accident
Prevention Plans
Unlike OSHA requirements, EM 385 requires that
company officials responsible for specific aspects of
the plan be identified.
For example, note that element 1, the signature
sheet, requires the title, signature and phone number
of the person who prepared the plan, the person who
approved the plan and any individuals who concurred
with the plan.
Such information would allow DoD contracting
officers, project managers or safety specialists to
identify specific company personnel that could answer
questions concerning the plan or, more importantly,
discuss problems concerning its implementation.
Written Accident
Prevention Plans
Accident reporting,
must address who,
how and when
information will be
provided on exposure
data such as man
hours worked that can
be used to evaluate
safety performance,
how major accidents
will be reported, who
will conduct accident
investigations, and
how and when reports
and logs will be
completed.
Written Accident
Prevention Plans
An introduction
to the Five
Step Process
of Activity
Hazard
Analysis (AHA)
Activity Hazard Analysis
Activity hazard
analysis requires
contractors to be
proactive in
aggressively
identifying
hazards that can
be anticipated
and controlling
them rather than
looking back with
20/20 hindsight.
Activity Hazard Analysis - Key
Terms
Why is it
important
to involve
AHA Step Two - Break the job
down into steps
COE EM 385-1-1 para 01.A.13.b: Work will not begin until the hazard
analysis for the work activity has been accepted by the Governments
designated authority and discussed with all engaged in the activity, including
the contractor, subcontractor(s), and Government on-site representative.
Potential
Hazard column
can have General
Safety as a
potential hazard
to include minimal
PPE . General
Safety should be
identified for
every phase of
work.
Identifying types of hazards
Acceleration: When we speed
up or slow down too quickly
Toxic: Toxic to skin and
internal organs.
Radiation: Non-ionizing -
burns, Ionizing - destroys
tissue.
Identifying types of hazards
Ergonomics: Eight risk factors
1. High Frequency;
2. High Duration;
3. High Force;
4. Posture;
5. Point of Operation;
6. Mechanical Pressure;
7. Vibration;
8. Environmental Exposure.
Identifying types of hazards
Pressure: Increased pressure in
hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Mechanical: Pinch points, sharp points
and edges, weight, rotating parts,
stability, ejected parts and materials,
impact.
Flammability/Fire: In order for
combustion to take place, the fuel and
oxidizer must be present in gaseous
form.
Identifying types of hazards
Biological: Primarily airborne
and blood borne viruses.
Violence In The Workplace: Any
violent act that occurs in the
workplace and creates a hostile
work environment that affects
employees physical or
psychological well-being.
Identifying types of hazards
Explosives: Explosions result in large
amounts of gas, heat, noise, light and
over-pressure.
Electrical Contact: Inadequate insulation,
broken electrical lines or equipment,
lightning strike, static discharge etc.
Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions
can be violent, can cause explosions,
dispersion of materials and emission of
heat.
Accident Types
Struck-by:
A person is forcefully struck by an object.
The force of contact is provided by the
object.
Struck-against:
A person forcefully strikes an object. The
person provides the force or energy.
Contact-by:
Contact by a substance or material that,
by its very nature, is harmful and causes
injury.
Accident Types
Contact-with:
A person comes in contact with a harmful
substance or material. The person initiates
the contact.
Caught-on:
A person or part of his/her clothing or
equipment is caught on an object that is either
moving or stationary. This may cause the
person to lose his/her balance and fall, be
pulled into a machine, or suffer some other
harm.
Caught-in:
A person or part of him/her is trapped, or
otherwise caught in an opening or enclosure.
Accident Types
Caught-between:
A person is crushed, pinched or
otherwise caught between a moving and
a stationary object, or between two
moving objects.
Fall-to-surface:
A person slips or trips and falls to the
surface he/she is standing or walking on.
Fall-to-below:
A person slips or trips and falls to a level
below the one he/she was walking or
standing on.
Accident Types
Over-exertion:
A person over-extends or strains himself/herself
while performing work.
Bodily reaction:
Caused solely from stress imposed by free
movement of the body or assumption of a
strained or unnatural body position. A leading
source of injury.
Over-exposure:
Over a period of time, a person is exposed to
harmful energy (noise, heat), lack of energy
(cold), or substances (toxic
chemicals/atmospheres).
Step 4 Control Measures
It is now time
to identify
the desired
To help you come up with control
ideas for the best Measures
solution ask the following: for each
(a) How can the conditions be Hazard.
changed to
eliminate the hazard?
List the
competent person
here List training requirements for the phase of work
such as fall protection, confined space, HAZCOM,
qualified equipment operators, safe use of ladders,
HAZWOPER, etc.
List equipment to be
used for the phase of
work such as crane,
backhoe, powder
actuated tools, electric
saws/drill, etc.
LETS BUILD AN AHA
LETS BUILD AN AHA
EM 385 vs. OSHA
Requirements
EM 385 includes some more stringent
technical provisions than CFR 1926.
In particular, the level of emphasis that EM
385 places on employee training and job site
inspections suggests that EM 385 views these
two elements as being critical for preventing
accidents.
This makes sense because employee training
is crucial for informing employees of the
potential hazards to which they are exposed
and the precautions that should be taken to
mitigate those hazards, especially those that
are not particularly obvious.
EM 385 vs. OSHA
Requirements
EM 385 includes provisions for ongoing training,
specifically section 01.B.03 which requires that "safety
meetings shall be conducted to review past activities, plan
for new or changed operations, review pertinent aspects of
appropriate activity hazards analyses (by trade), establish
safe working procedures for anticipated hazards, and
provide pertinent safety and health training and
motivation."
Meeting must be held at least once a week.
EM 385 vs. OSHA
Requirements
Some other areas of stricter compliance in EM 385 are in areas such
as :
* Confined Space procedures
* Cumulative Trauma Prevention.
* Operations of All- Terrain Vehicles
* Lock-out / Tag-out
Element #1 - Management,
Leadership and Employee Involvement.
Element #2, 3 Worksite Analysis and
Hazard Prevention and Control.
Element #4 Safety and Health
Training and Education.
REVIEW: What have we learned
about developing a Safety
Program
A written APP can benefit our bottom line and the end result will
depend on how well you implement your APP and manage your
programs.
Management must commit to safety and participate if APP is to get results.
Written Safety Policy statement to get employee awareness & involvement .
Displaying the required OSHA posters.
Recordkeeping- Document everything
Safety Analysis Goal is to Eliminate Hazards - AHAs
Health & Safety Training Supervisor Key All must be trained-
Orientations
Safety Inspection
Immediate Accident Reporting and Accident Investigations
Program Reviews
Numerous Safety Forms - SOPs on LOTO, Fire Protection, Hand and Power tools,
Deficiency tracking log, Assured Grounding Program, ECCO SLIP reporting form,
AHAs, Equipment inspection forms, daily excavation/trench form, Equipment
inspection stickers, fire extinguisher inspection forms, Crane inspection forms,
Equipment operator qualification forms, Demolition check list, contractors visitor
sign in sheet, confined space Pre-entry check list, HASP compliance agreement
form, Safety audits and SITE INSPECTION PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS, Focus on 4
Poster, 1st aid log in sheet, Tailgate meeting sign in sheet, PLAN OF THE DAY
FORM, EM 383 1-1 crane critical lift ck. List.