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Giáo Trình Java
Giáo Trình Java
Ging vi C / C++
Cc c trng ca Java
n gin
Hng i tng
c lp phn cng
Mnh
Bo mt
Phn tn
a lung
ng
Cc chng trnh dch
truyn thng
Chng trnh dch Java
Cc loi chng trnh Java
Applets
ng dng c lp (console
Application)
ng dng giao din (GUI Application)
Servlet
ng dng c s d liu
My o Java
L mt phn mm da trn c s my tnh o
L tp hp cc lnh logic xc nh hot
ng ca my tnh
c xem nh l mt h iu hnh thu nh
N thit lp lp tru tng cho:
Phn cng bn di
H iu hnh
M bin dch
Qu trnh dch chng trnh
Java
Trnh bin dch chuyn m ngun thnh tp
cc lnh khng ph thuc vo phn cng c
th
Trnh thng dch trn mi my chuyn tp
lnh ny thnh chng trnh thc thi
My o to ra mt mi trng thc thi cc
lnh bng cch:
Np cc file .class
Qun l b nh
Dn rc
Trnh dch Java
Java Development Kit
Java 1.0 - S dng ln u vo nm
1995
Java 1.1 a ra nm 1997
Java 2 Phin bn mi nht
B cng c JDK
Trnh bin dch, 'javac'
javac [options] sourcecodename.java
Trnh thng dch, 'java'
java [options] classname
Trnh dch ngc, 'javap'
javap [options] classname
Cng c sinh ti liu, 'javadoc'
javadoc [options] sourcecodename.java
Chng trnh tm li - Debug, 'jdb
jdb [options] sourcecodename.java
OR
jdb -host -password [options]
sourcecodename.java
class Ex1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println(My first program in Java);
}
}
Bin dch chng trnh java
..\jdk\bin>javac Ex1.java
..\jdk\bin>java Ex1
Kt qu:
My first program in Java
Truyn i s trong dng lnh
class Pass
{
public static void main(String parameters[])
{
System.out.println("This is what the main method
received");
System.out.println(parameters[0]);
System.out.println(parameters[1]);
System.out.println(parameters[2]);
}
}
Truyn i s trong dng lnh
(Tip theo)
Cc phn t c bn cangn ng
Java
Lp v phng thc (Classes &
Methods)
Kiu d liu
Bin s
Ton t
Cu trc iu khin
Lp trong Java
C php khai bo lp (Class)
class Classname
{
var_datatype variablename;
:
met_datatype methodname(parameter_list)
:
}
Lp mu
Cc lp lng nhau (Nested
Classes)
Vic nh ngha mt lp bn trong mt
lp khc c gi l xp lng (Nesting)
Cc kiu xp lng:
Tnh (Static)
ng (Non-static)
Kiu d liu
Lp (Class)
Interface
p kiu (Type Casting)
Kiu d liu ny c chuyn i
sang mt kiu d liu khc
V d
float c = 34.89675f;
int b = (int)c + 10;
Bin s
Khai bo bin s gm 3 thnh phn:
Kiu d liu ca bin s
Tn bin
Gi tr ban u ca bin (khng bt buc)
C php
datatype identifier [=value][,
identifier[=value]...];
Nhng t kha ca Java
Khai bo mng
Ba cch khai bo mng:
datatype identifier [ ];
}
Access specifiers
public
private
protected
Method Modifiers
static
abstract
final
native
synchronized
volatile
Nhng phng thc c np chng :
(Methods Overloading)
Biu thc 1
iu kin kiu Boolean tr v gi tr True hoc False
Biu thc 2
Tr v gi tr nu kt qu ca mnh 1 l True
Biu thc 3
Tr v gi tr nu kt qu ca mnh 1 l False
Ton t gn
(Assignment Operator)
= Assignment (Php gn)
Gi tr c th c gn cho nhiu bin s
V d
a = b = c = d = 90;
Th t u tin ca cc ton t
Th t Ton t
1. trong ngoc tnh trc
2. Cc ton t n nh +,-,++,--
3. Cc ton t s hc v cc ton t dch nh
*,/,+,-,<<,>>
4. Cc ton t quan h nh >,<,>=,<=,= =,!=
5. Cc ton t logic v Bit nh &&,II,&,I,^
5. Cc ton t gn nh =,*=,/=,+=,-=
Th t ca cc ton t c th c thay i
bng cch s dng cc du ngoc n trong
mnh
Cc k t nh dng xut d liu
(Escape Sequences)
Escape
M t
Sequence
\n Xung dng mi
\r Chuyn con tr n u dng hin hnh
\t Chuyn con tr n v tr dng Tab k tip
(k t Tab)
\\ In du \
\ In du nhy n ()
\ In du nhy kp ()
Cc lnh iu khin
iu khin r nhnh:
Mnh if-else
Mnh switch-case
Vng lp (Loops):
Vng lp while
Vng lp do-while
Vng lp for
Lnh if-else
C php
if (condition)
{
action1 statements;
}
else
{
action2 statements;
}
Lnh switch-case
C php
switch (expression)
{
case 'value1': action1 statement(s);
break;
case 'value2': action2 statement(s);
break;
:
:
case 'valueN': actionN statement(s);
break;
default: default_action statement(s);
}
Lnh lp while
C php
while(condition)
{
action statements;
:
:
}
Lnh lp do-while
C php
do
{
action statements;
:
:
} while(condition);
Vng lp for
C php
for(initialization statements; condition;
increment statements)
{
action statements;
:
:
}
Chng 3
Gi & Interface
(Packages & Interfaces)
Gii thiu
Nhng thnh phn c bn ca 1 chng
trnh Java:
Gi (Packages)
Giao din (Interfaces)
Nhng phn ca mt chng trnh Java:
Lnh khai bo gi(package )
Lnh ch nh gi c dng (Lnh import)
Khai bo lp public (mt file java ch cha 1 lp
public class)
Cc lp khc (classes private to the package)
charAt( )
startsWith()
endsWith( )
copyValueOf( )
toCharArray( )
indexOf( )
toUpperCase( )
toLowerCase( )
trim( )
equals( )
Lp StringBuffer
Cung cp nhng phng thc khc nhau
thao tc trn i tng string (chui k t)
Nhng i tng ca lp ny kh linh hot
Cung cp nhng phng thc khi to
(constructor) c np chng (overloaded)
Nhng phng thc ca lp StringBuffer:
append( )
insert( )
charAt( )
setCharAt( )
setLength( )
getChars( )
reverse( )
Lp java.lang.Math
abs() random()
ceil() sqrt()
floor() sin()
max() cos()
min() tan()
round()
Lp Runtime
ng gi (Encapsulates) mi trng thc thi
Dng qun l b nh, v thi hnh nhng
tin trnh cng thm
Phng thc:
exit(int)
freeMemory( )
getRuntime( )
gc( )
totalMemory( )
exec(String)
Lp System
Cung cp nhng h tng chun nh nhp (Input),
xut (Output) v cc lung li(Error Streams)
Cung cp kh nng truy xut n nhng thuc
tnh ca h thng thc thi Java, v nhng thuc
tnh mi trng nh phin bn, ng dn, nh
cung cp
Phng thc:
exit(int)
gc()
getProperties()
setProperties()
currentTimeMillis()
arraCopy(Object, int, Object, int, int)
Lp Class
Th hin (Instance) ca lp ny che giu
tnh trng thc thi ca i tng trong
mt ng dng Java
i tng hoc th hin ca lp ny c
th to ra bng 1 trong 3 cch sau:
S dng phng thc getClass( ) ca i tng
S dng phng thc tnh forName( ) ca lp
to ra mt th hin ca lp trong lc t tn cho
lp
S dng i tng ClassLoader np mt lp mi
Lp Object
L lp cha (superclass) ca tt c cc lp
Phng thc:
equals(Object)
finalize()
notify()
notifyAll()
toString()
wait()
Gi java.util
Hashtable( )
Nhng phng thc ca lp
Hashtable
clear() keys()
done() put(Object, Object)
contains(Object) rehash()
containsKey(Obj remove(Object
ect) key)
elements() size()
get(Object key) toString()
isEmpty()
Lp Random
To ra nhng s ngu nhin theo thut ton pseudo
Nhng phng thc nhn gi tr ngu nhin:
nextDouble( )
nextFloat( )
nextGaussian( )
nextInt( )
nextLong( )
Phng thc khi to (Constructors):
random()
random(long)
Nhng phng thc ca lp
Random
nextDouble()
nextFloat()
nextGaussian()
nextInt()
nextLong()
setSeed(long)
Lp Vector
Cung cp kh nng co gin cho mng khi thm
phn t vo mng
Lu tr nhng thnh phn ca kiu Object
Mt Vector ring r c th lu tr nhng phn
t khc nhau, l nhng instance ca nhng
lp khc nhau
Phng thc khi to (Constructors):
Vector(int)
Vector(int, int)
Vector()
Nhng phng thc ca lp
Vector
addElement(Object) isEmpty( )
capacity( ) lastElement( )
clone( ) lastIndexOf(Object)
contains(Object) lastIndexOf(Object, int)
copyInto(Object [ ]) removeAllElements( )
elementAt(int) removeElement(Object)
elements( ) removeElementAt(int)
ensureCapacity(int) setElementAt(Object, int)
firstElement( ) setSize(int)
indexOf(Object) size( )
indexOf(Object, int) toString( )
insertElementAt(Object, int) trimToSize( )
Lp StringTokenizer
C th c dng tch mt chui thnh
nhng thnh phn cu thnh ca n (constituent
tokens)
K t phn cch c th c ch nh khi mt i
tng StringTokenizer c khi to
Phng thc khi to (Constructors):
StringTokenizer(String)
StringTokenizer(String, String)
StringTokenizer(String, String, Boolean)
Lp StringTokenizer s dng giao din lit k
(enumeration interface)
Nhng phng thc ca lp
StringTokenizer
countTokens( )
hasMoreElements( )
hasMoreTokens( )
nextElement( )
nextToken( )
nextToken(String)
Chng 4
X l bit l
Gii thiu v bit l
L mt kiu li c bit
N xy ra trong thi gian thc thi on lnh
Thng thng cc iu kin thc thi chng
trnh gy ra bit l
Nu cc iu kin ny khng c quan
tm, th vic thc thi c th kt thc t ngt
Mc ch ca vic x l bit l
Gim thiu vic kt thc bt thng ca h
thng v ca chng trnh.
V d, thao tc xut/nhp trong mt tp tin,
nu vic chuyn i kiu d liu khng thc
hin ng, mt bit l s xy ra v chng
trnh b hy m khng ng tp tin. Lc
tp tin s b h hi v cc ngun ti nguyn
c cp pht cho tp tin khng c thu
hi li cho h thng.
X l bit l
Khi mt bit l xy ra, i tng tng ng vi bit
l s c to ra.
i tng ny sau c truyn ti phng thc
ni m bit l xy ra.
i tng ny chc cc thng tin chi tit v bit l.
Thng tin ny c th nhn c v x l.
Lp throwable m Java cung cp l lp trn nht
ca lp bit l.
M hnh x l bit l
M hnh c bit n l m hnh catch and
throw
Khi mt li xy ra, bit l s uc chn v
c vo mt khi.
T kha x l bit l:
try
catch
throw
throws
finally
Cu trc ca m hnh x l bit l
C php
try { . }
catch(Exception e1) { . }
catch(Exception e2) { . }
catch(Exception eN) { . }
finally { . }
M hnh Catch and Throw nng cao
V d
textfields, labels, checkboxes, textareas
getText( )
TextField
L iu khin text cho php hin th text hoc
cho user nhp d liu vo.
Cc hm dng:
TextField( )
TextField(int columns)
TextField(String s)
TextField(String s, int columns)
Cc phng thc:
setEchoChar(char)
setTest(String s)
getText( )
setEditable(boolean)
isEditable( )
TextArea
c dng khi text c ni dung t hai
dng tr ln
L iu khin text c th son tho
c vi nhiu dng
Cc bc to TextArea:
To mt phn t (element)
Ch ra s dng hay s ct (ty chn)
Ch ra v tr ca iu khin trn mn hnh
TextArea (tt)
Cc hm dng:
TextArea( )
TextArea(int rows, int cols )
TextArea(String text)
TextArea(String text, int rows, int cols)
Cc phng thc ca
TextArea
setText(String)
getText( )
setEditable(boolean)
isEditable( )
insertText(String, int)
replaceText(String, int, int)
Button
Cc nt Push hay Command l cch d nht
ly cc s kin ca user
Cc bc to button:
To mt phn t button, nn to cho n mt caption
ch ra mc ch ca n
Ch ra v tr t button trn mn hnh
HIn th ra trn mn hnh
Cc hm dng:
Button( )
Button(String text)
Checkboxes and
RadioButtons
Checkboxes c dng khi cho php user nhiu cn
chn la
Radiobuttons c dng user ch ra mt la chn
duy nht
Cc bc to checkbox hoc radiobutton:
To mt phn t (element)
Khi to gi tr ban u (c gi tr selected hay unselected)
Ch ra v tr trn mn hnh
Hin th ra mn hnh
Cc hm dng to checkbox:
Checkbox( )
Checkbox(String text)
to radiobutton, ta phi to i tng
CheckBoxGroup trc khi to button
Choice Lists
L p Choice cho php ta to danh sch c nhiu
chn la
Khi list c to ln u tin, n c khi to l
empty
Cc bc to danh sch chn la:
To mt phn t
Thm cc mc (c kiu Strings) vo danh sch ,
tng mc mt
Ch ra v tr trn mn hnh
Hin th ra mn hnh
V d
Choice colors=new Choice( );
colors.addItem(Red);
colors.addItem(Green);
Trnh qun l b tr
Layout Manager
Cc loi layout khc nhau:
Flow Layout
Border Layout
Card Layout
Grid Layout
GridBag Layout
Trnh qun l layout c thit lp bng
cch gi phng thc setLayout( )
FlowLayout
L trnh qun l layout mc nh cho cc
applet v cc panel
Vi FlowLayout cc thnh phn s c
xp xp t gc tri trn n gc phi di
ca mn hnh
Cc constructor:
FlowLayout mylayout = new FlowLayout();
FlowLayout exLayout = new
flowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
BorderLayout
L trnh qun l layout mc nh cho Window,
Frame v Dialog
Trnh qun l ny c th xp xp n 5 thnh
phn trong container
Cc thnh phn c th c t vo 5
hng NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, WEST v
CENTER ca container
V d: thm mt thnh phn vo vng
North ca container
Button b1= new Button(North Button);
setLayout(new BorderLayout( ));
add(b1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
CardLayout
C th lu tr mt danh sch cc kiu
layout khc nhau
Mi layout c xem nh mt th (card)
Th thng l i tng Panel
Mt thnh phn c lp nh button s iu
khin cc th c t pha trn nht
Cc bc to CardLayout:
B tr layout ca panel chnh l CardLayout
Ln lt thm cc panel khc vo panel chnh
GridLayout
H tr vic chia container thnh mt li
Cc thnh phn c b tr trong cc dng
v ct
Mt li nn cha t nht mt thnh phn
Kiu layout ny c s dng khi tt c
cc thnh phn c cng kch thc
Hm constructor
GridLayout gl = new GridLayout(no. of rows, no.
of columns);
GridBagLayout
B tr cc thnh phn mt cch chnh xc
Cc thnh phn khng cn c cng kch
thc
Cc thnh phn c xp xp trong mt
li cha cc dng v cc ct
Th t t cc thnh phn khng tun theo
hng t tri-sang-phi v trn-xung-di
Hm constructor
GridBagLayout gb = new GridBagLayout( );
GridBagLayout
s dng layout ny, bn cn phi
bit thng tin v kch c v cch b tr
ca cc thnh phn
Lp GridBagLayoutConstraints lu
tr tt c cc thng tin m lp
GridLayout yu cu: V tr v kch
thuc mi thnh phn
X l cc s kin
Cc s kin (Events) c x l bng cc
cng c sau:
Abstract Windowing Toolkit
Trnh duyt.
Cc trnh x l s kin do cc lp trnh vin to
ring.
Cc ng dng cn ng k trnh x l s kin
vi i i tng
Cc trnh x l ny c gi khi c mt s
kin tng ng xy ra
X l cc s kin (tt)
Event Listener s lng nghe mt s kin c
th m mt i tng to ra
Mi event listener cung cp cc phng
thc x l cc s kin ny
Lp c ci t listener cn nh ngha
nhng phng thc ny
X l cc s kin(tt)
Cc bc cn tun th s dng m hnh
Event Listener:
Ci t Listener tng ng
Nhn din c tt c cc thnh phn to ra s
kin
Nhn din c tt c cc s kin c x l
Ci t cc phng thc ca listener, v vit cc
on m x l s kin trong cc phng thc
Interface nh ngha cc phng thc khc
nhau x l mi s kin
Cc s kin v Listener tng
ng
ActionEvent ActionListener
AdjustmentEvent AdjustmentListener
ComponentEvent ComponentListener
FocusEvent FocusListener
ItemEvent ItemListener
WindowEvent WindowListener
TextEvent TextListener
MouseEvent MouseListener
MouseMotionListener
KeyEvent KeyListener
Menus
Cc loi menu :
Pull-down
Pop-up menu
Ch c th t cc thanh menubar vo
trong cc Frame m thi
Cc thnh phn ca menu:
Menubar
MenuItems
Chng VI
Applets
Applets
L mt chng trnh Java m chy vi
s h tr ca trnh duyt web
Tt c cc applets l lp con ca lp
Applet
to mt applet, bn cn import hai
gi sau:
java.applet
java.awt
Cu trc applet
nh ngha mt applet t bn s kin xy ra
trong qu trnh thc thi
i vi mi s kin c nh ngha bi mt
phng thc tng ng.
Cc phng thc:
init( )
start( )
stop( )
destroy( )
Cc phng thc khc:
paint( )
repaint( )
showStatus( )
getAppletInfo( )
Cc phng thc init(), start(), stop(),
destroy(), and paint() c tha k t applet.
Mi phng thc ny mc nh l rng. V th
cc phng thc ny phi c np chng.
Bin dch v thc thi applet
Mt applet th c bin dch theo c php
sau
javac Applet1.java
thc thi mt applet, to mt tp tin HTML
c s dng th applet
Th applet c hai thuc tnh:
Width
Height
truyn tham s ti applet, s dng th param,
v tip theo l th value
Applet c th c thc thi bng applet viewer
im khc bit gia applet v mt ng dng
Cc ng dng khi thc thi phi s dng
trnh bin dch Java, trong khi cc applets
thc thi c trn bt k trnh duyt no
m h tr Java, hoc s dng
AppletViewer trong JDK.
Mt ng dng bt u vi phng thc
main(). Cn i vi applet th khng s
dng phng thc ny
Mt ng dng s dng
System.out.println() hin th, trong khi
mt applet th s dng phng thc
drawstring() hin th.
Nhng hn ch v bo mt
trong applet
Khng th c hoc vit cc tp tin trn h
thng tp tin ca ngi s dng
Khng th giao tip vi mt site trn internet.
M ch giao tip vi mt dch v trn trang
web c applet.
Khng th chy bt k chng trnh no trn
h thng ca ngi c
Khng th load bt k chng trnh no
c lu trn h thng ca ngi s dng
Chu trnh sng ca applet
Truyn tham s ti mt applet
truyn tham s, s dng PARAM
trong th HTML
V d
<applet code = "Mybutton1" width = 100 height = 100>
<PARAM NAME = Mybutton value = Display Dialog>
</applet>
Lp ha
c cung cp bi gi AWT
Cung cp mt tp hp cc phng thc
v nh sau:
Oval
Rectangle
Square
Circle
Lines
Text in different fonts
Graphical Background
Cc phng thc v nn :
getGraphics( )
repaint( )
update(Graphics g)
paint(Graphics g)
Hin th chui, k t v bytes
Phng thc v hoc hin th mt chui trn
frame
C php
drawString(String str, int xCoor, int yCoor);
Phng thc v hoc hin th cc k t trn
frame
C php
drawChars(char array[ ], int offset, int length, int
xCoor, int yCoor);
Phng thc v hoc hin th bytes trn
frame
C php
drawBytes(byte array[ ], int offset, int length, int
xCoor, int yCoor);
V cc hnh th
Phng thc c s dng v
ng thng nh sau
C php
drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
Cc phng thc c s dng v
ng trn nh sau
C php
drawOval(int xCoor, int yCoor, int width,
int height);
setColor(Color c);
fillOval(int xCoor, int yCoor, int width, int
height);
Phng thc s dng v hnh vung:
C php
drawRect(int xCoor, int yCoor, int width, int
height);
fillRect(int xCoor, int yCoor, int width, int
height);
Cc phng thc c s dng v
hnh vung c gc trn
C php
drawRoundRect(int xCoor, int yCoor, int
width, int height, int arcWidth, int arcHeight);
fillRoundRect (int xCoor, int yCoor, int width,
int height, int arcWidth, int arcHeight);
3D Rectangles & Arcs
Cc phng thc c s dng v
hnh 3D C php
draw3DRect(int xCoord, int yCoord, int
width, int height, boolean raised);
drawArc(int xCoord, int yCoord, int width,
int height, int arcwidth, int archeight);
fillArc(int xCoord, int yCoord, int width, int
height, int arcwidth, int archeight);
Drawing PolyLines
Cc phng thc c s dng v
nhiu c thng
C php
drawPolyline(int xArray[ ], int yArray[ ], int
totalPoints);
g.setFont(new Font("Times Roman",
Font.BOLD,15));
V v t cc hnh a gic
Cc phng thc v v t cc hnh a
gic
C php
drawPolygon(int x[ ], int y[ ], int
numPoints);
fillPolygon(int x[ ], int y[ ], int numPoints);
Mu
Java s dng mu RGB
Bng cc gi tr mu
Element Range
Red 0-255
Green 0-255
Blue 0-255
C php ca hm dng to mt mu
color(int red, int green, int blue);
Bng trnh by cc gi tr mu RGB thn
thng
Lp trnh a tuyn
Tuyn
Lp trnh a tuyn l mt c trng
ca Java
Tuyn l n v nh nht ca on m
c th thi hnh c m thc hin mt
cng vic ring bit
a tuyn
L kh nng lm vic vi nhiu tuyn
a tuyn chuyn s dng cho vic
thc thi nhiu cng vic ngthi
a tuyn gim thi gian ri ca h
thng n mc thp nht.
To v qun l tuyn (1)
Khi chng trnh Java thc thi hm
main() tc l tuyn main c thc thi.
Tuyn ny c to ra mt cch t
ng. ti y :
- Cc tuyn con s c to ra t
- N l tuyn cui cng kt thc vic thc
hin. Trong chc lt tuyn chnh ngng
thc thi, chng trnh b chm dt
Tuyn c th c to ra bng 2 cch:
Dn xut t lp Thread
Dn xut t Runnable.
Vng i ca mt tuyn
Trng thi ca tuyn v cc
phng thc ca lp tuyn
trng thi: Phng thc:
born
start( )
ready to run
sleep( )
running
wait( )
sleeping
notify( )
waiting
ready run( )
blocked stop( )
dead
Cc phng thc Khc
enumerate(Thread t)
getName( )
isAlive( )
getPriority( )
setName(String name)
join( )
isDaemon( )
setDaemon(Boolean on)
resume( )
sleep( )
start( )
Phn chia thi gian gia cc tuyn
CPU ch thc thi ch mt tuyn ti mt
thi im nht nh.
Cc tuyn c u tin bng nhau th
c phn chia thi gian s dng b
vi x l.
tuyn Daemon(ngm)
Hai kiu tuyn trong mt chng trnh
Java:
Cc tuyn ngi s dng
tuyn ngm
tuyn ngm dn rc
a tuyn vi Applets
Cc chng trnh Java da trn Applet thng s
dng nhiu hn mt tuyn
Trong a tuyn vi Applets, Lp
java.applet.Applet l lp con c to ra mt
Applet ngi s dng nh ngha
n khng th thc hin c trc tip lp con ca
lp tuyn trong cc applet
Con ng lp con s dng lp tuyn:
S dng mt i tng ca tuyn ngi s dng nh
ngha, m, ln lt, dn xut lp tuyn
Thc thi chy giao tip (interface)
S ng b tuyn
Thm nhp cc ti nguyn/d liu bi
nhiu tuyn
S ng b (Synchronization)
S quan st (Monitor)
Mutex
M ng b
thm nhp s quan st ca mt i
tng, lp trnh vin s dng t kha
synchronized gi mt phng
thc hiu chnh (modified method)
Khi mt tuyn ang c thc thi
trong phm vi mt phng thc ng
b (synchronized), bt k tuyn khc
hoc phng thc ng b khc m
c gng gi n trong thi gian s
phi i
Khuyt im ca cc phng
thc ng b
Cc trng thi chc chn khng li ch
cho a tuyn
Trnh bin dch Java t Sun khng
cha nhiu phng thc ng b
Cc phng thc ng b chm hn
t ba n bn ln so vi cc phng
thc tng ng khng ng b.
K thut wait-notify (i
thng bo) (1)
tuyn chia cc tc v thnh cc n v ring
bit v logic (hp l)
trnh trng hp kim sot vng, Java
bao gm mt thit k tt trong tin trnh k
thut truyn thng s dng cc phng thc
wait() (i), notify() (thng bo) v
notifyAll() (thng bo ht) :
wait( )
notify( )
notifyAll( )
K thut wait-notify (i
thng bo) (1)
Cc chc nng ca cc phng thc
wait(), notify(), v notifyAll() l :
wait( )
notify( )
notifyAll( )
tuyn u tin cao nht chy u tin
C php ca cc phng thc:
final void wait( ) throws IOException
final void notify( )
final void notifyAll( )
Mt s im cn nh trong khi
s dng phng thc wait():
tuyn ang gi a vo CPU
tuyn ang gi a vo kha
tuyn ang gi i vo vng i ca
monitor
Cc im chnh cn nh v
phng thc notify()
Mt tuyn a ra ngoi vng i ca monitor, v vo
trng thi sn sng
tuyn m c thng bo phi thu tr li kha ca
monitor trc khi n c th bt u
Phng thc notify() l khng chnh xc
Trong mt s trng hp ny, cc phng thc ca
monitor a ra 2 s phng:
Trng thi ca monitor s c kim tra trong mt vng lp
while tt hn l cu lnh if
Sau khi thay i trng thi ca monitor, phng thc notifyAll()
s c s dng, tt hn phng thc notify().
S b tt (Deadlocks)
Mt deadlock (s b tt) xy ra khi hai tuyn c mt
ph thuc vng quanh trn mt cp i tng ng
b
N kh g li mt b tt bi nhng nguyn nhn
sau:
N him khi xy ra, khi hai tuyn chia nh thi
tng ng b
Nu mt chng trnh a tuyn kha kn thng
xuyn, ngay lp tc kim tra li iu kin b tt
Thu dn rc (Garbage
collection)
Ci to hoc lm trng b nh nh
v cho cc i tng m cc i tng
ny khng s dng trong thi gian di
S dn rc thc thi nh l mt tuyn
ring bit c quyn u tin thp
S dng cu lnh sau tt i s dn
rc trong ng dng:
java noasyncgc
Phng thc finalize() (hon
thnh)
Java cung cp mt con ng lm sch mt
tin trnh trc khi iu khin tr li h iu hnh
Phng thc finalize(), nu hin din, s c
thc thi trn mi i tng, trc khi s dn rc
Cu lnh ca phng thc finalize() nh sau :
protected void finalize( ) throws Throwable
Tham chiu khng phi l s dn rc; ch cc i
tng mi c dn rc
Chng VIII
Cc lung I/O
Cc lung
Cc lung l nhng ng ng dn gi v
nhn thng tin trong cc chng trnh java.
Khi mt lung c hoc ghi , cc lung khc
b kho.
Nu li xy ra trong khi c hoc ghi lung,
mt ngoi l s kch hot.
Lp java.lang.System nh ngha lung nhp
v xut chun.
Cc lp lung I/O
Lp System.out.
Lp System.in.
Lp System.err.
Lp InputStream
L lp tru tng
nh ngha cch nhn d liu
Cung cp s phng thc dng c v
cc lung d liu lm u vo.
Cc phng thc:
read( )
available( )
close ( )
mark ( )
markSupported( )
reset( )
skip( )
Lp OutputStream
L lp tru tng.
nh ngha cch ghi d liu vo lung.
Cung cp tp cc phng thc tr gip.
trong vic to, ghi v x l cc lung xut.
Cc phng thc:
write(int)
write(byte[ ])
write(byte[ ], int, int)
flush( )
close( )
Nhp mng cc Byte
S dng cc m b nh
Lp ByteArrayInputStream
To ra mt lung nhp t m b nh
khng g c v mng cc byte.
Khng h tr cc phng thc mi
Cc phng thc np chng ca lp
InputStream, ging nh read(), skip(),
available() v reset().
Byte Array Output
s dng cc vng m b nh
Lp ByteArrayOutputStream
To ra mt lung kt xut trn mng byte
Cung cp cc kh nng b sung cho
mng kt xut tng trng nhm cha
ch cho d liu mi ghi vo.
Cng cung cp cc phng thc
chuyn i lung ti mng byte, hay i
tng String.
Phng thc ca lp
ByteArrayOutputStream :
reset( )
size( )
writeTo( )
Cc lp nhp/xut tp tin
hin c.
v c bn c s dng thch ng cc lung
chn lc.
Lp FilterInputStream
L lp tru tng.
L cha ca tt c cc lp lung nhp lc.
Cung cp kh nng to ra mt lung t lung khc.
Mt lung c th c v cung cp cung cp di
dng kt xut cho lung khc.
duy tr mt dy cc i tng ca lp InputStream
Cho php to ra nhiu b lc kt xch (chained
filters
).
Lp FilterOutputStream
L dng b tr cho lp
FilterInputStream.
L cha ca tt c cc lp lung kt xut.
Duy tr i tng ca lp
OutputStream nh l mt bin out.
D liu ghi ra lp ny c th sa i
thc hin cc thao tc lc, v sau
phn hi n i tng OutputStream.
Vng m nhp/xut
Vng m:
L kho lu tr d liu.
liu gc ban u.
Java s dng vng m nhp v kt xut tm thi
read( )
reset( )
skip( )
mark( )
markSupported( )
close( )
ready( )
Lp Writer
H tr cc phng thc sau :
write( )
flush( )
close( )
Nhp/xut chui v mng k
t
H tr nhp v xut t cc vng m
b nh
H tr 8 bt k t nhp v kt xut
KT NI CSDL
Java Database Connectivity
Tng quan
JDBC cung cp tp cc lp v interface
cho php chng trnh Java c th ni
chuyn c vi h CSDL
Tp cc lp ca JDBC
c th lm vic c vi
mi h csdl.
C 3 bc chnh kt ni CSDL.
Np database drivers
To ni kt, To i tng Connection
To i tng Statement thc thi cc
lnh sql..
V d
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:ATM");
JDBC
JDBCDriver
Driver Disk
Disk
ODBC
ODBCDriver
Driver
Network Interface
Network Interface
Database
Database
Server
Loi 2: Native-API
Tt hn loi 1, loi ny cho php JDBC giao
tip trc tip vi cc driver hay cc hm API
ca CSDL.
Aplication Client
Aplication
JDBC
JDBCDriver
Driver Disk
Disk
Native
NativeDatabase
DatabaseLibrary
Library
Network Interface
Network Interface
Database
Database
Server
Loi 3: Open Protocol-Net
Drivers
C th chuyn cc yu cu n cc csdl nm
xa.
C th giao tip vi nhiu loi CSDL.
Khng phi ca nh cung
Aplication
Aplication cp csdl
Client
Tt c bng
JDBC m
JDBCDriver
Driver java
Client
Client Disk
Disk
Network Interface
Network Interface
Server
JDBC
JDBCDriver
DriverServer
Server
Database
Database
Native
NativeDatabase
DatabaseLibrary
Library
Loi 4: Proprietary-Protocol Net
100% java
C kh nng giao tip trc tip vi h
CSDL khng cn chuyn i
Aplication
Aplication Client
JDBC
JDBCDriver
Driver Disk
Disk
Network Interface
Network Interface
Database
Database
Server
Gi Java.sql
Cung cp tp hp cc lp v interface dng
trao i vi CSDL.
Cc lp
DriverManager
Date, Time
Timestamp
Types
Cc Interfaces
Driver PreparedStatement
Connection CallableStatement
DatabaseMetaData ResultSet
Statement ResultSetMetaData
i tng Statement
i tng Connection cha lin kt trc
tip n csdl.
S dng i tng Connection to
i tng Statement.
Statement s = con.createStatement();
i tng ny c nhim v gi cc cu
lnh sql n csdl.
executeQuery(String) or
executeUpdate(String) method
Cng mt i tng Statement c th s
dng cho nhiu cu lnh sql khc nhau.
C 3 phng thc thc thi
executeQuery()
executeUpdate()
execute()
The executeQuery()
Nhn cu lnh SQL (select) lm i s, tr li i
tng ResultSet
ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(SELECT *
FROM Books);
Phng thc executeUpdate()
Nhn cc cu lnh sql dng cp nht
Tr li s nguyn biu th s hng c
cp nht.
UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE.
Phng thc execute()
c p dng cho trng hp khng r
loi sql no c thc hin.
c p dng cho trng hp cu lnh
sql wocj to ra t ng bi chng trnh.
ResultSet
Cha mt hoc nhiu hng d liu t vic
thc hin cu lnh truy vn.
C th ly d liu tng hng d liu mt trong
ResultSet.
S dng phng thc next() di chuyn
n hng d liu tip theo trong ResultSet.
Hm next() tr li true ch rng hng cha d
liu, tr li false hng cui khng cha d
liu.
Thc hin
while (rs.next()){
// examine a row from the results
}
ly d liu cc ct trn mi hng
ca ResultSet, ta dng cc phng
thc.
get type(int | String)
i s l ch s ct tnh t 1.
p dng cho cc ct c kiu d liu l int, float,
Date.....
V d :
String isbn = rs.getString(1); // Column 1
float price = rs.getDouble(Price);
ResultSet Metadata
i tng ny cho bit thng tin v ResultSet
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(SQLString);
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount();
getColumnName(int column)
Prepared Statements
To execute a Statement object many times, it will reduce
execution time to use PreparedStatement object
PreparedStatement object
unlike a Statement object, it is given an SQL statement when it
is created.
The advantage to this is that in most cases, this SQL statement
will be sent to the DBMS right away, where it will be compiled.
As a result, the PreparedStatement object contains not just an
SQL statement, but an SQL statement that has been
precompiled.
This means that when the PreparedStatement is executed, the
DBMS can just run the PreparedStatement 's SQL statement
without having to compile it first
Cc i tng Statement
khc
Prepared Statements
Callable Statement
Database Metadata
i tng ny cho bit thng tin v
csdl.
Chng trnh mu
import java.sql.*;
class JDBCDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Accserver");
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(args[0]);
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount();
for(int j=1; j<=numberOfColumns;j++) {
System.out.println(rsmd.getColumnLabel(j));
}
while(rs.next()) {
for(int i=1; i<=numberOfColumns;i++){
System.out.println(rs.getObject(i));
}}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
} catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Error " + e);
}
}