Chapter1

WholeNumbers
andDecimals

Section1
WholeNumbers

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 Objectives
1. Definewholenumbers.
2. Roundwholenumbers.
3. Addwholenumbers.
4. Roundnumberstoestimateananswer.
5. Subtractwholenumbers.
6. Multiplywholenumbers.
7. Multiplybyomittingzeros.
8. Dividewholenumbers.

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 DefineWholeNumbers
DecimalSystem:tenoneplacedigits:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Decimalpoint(.)isthestartingpoint
Wholenumbersaretotheleftofthedecimal
point
Acommaisusedateverythirdplace

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 WholeNumbers

Twohundredfiftymillion,eighthundredfiftyone
thousand,eighthundredthirtythree

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 Example
Writethefollowingnumbersinwords.
a.7,835
seventhousand,eighthundredthirtyfive
b.111,356,075
onehundredelevenmillion,threehundredfifty
sixthousand,seventyfive
c.17,000,017,000
seventeenbillion,seventeenthousand

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 RoundingWholeNumbers
Step1 Locatetheplacetowhichthenumberistobe
rounded.Drawalineunderthatplace.
Step2 Ifthefirstdigittotherightoftheunderlined
placeis5ormore,increasethedigitinthe
placetowhichyouareroundingby1.Ifthe
firstdigittotherightoftheunderlinedplaceis
4orless,donotchangethedigitintheplaceto
whichyouarerounding.
Step3 Changealldigitstotherightoftheunderlined
digittozeros.

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 Example

Roundeachnumberasindicated.
(a)579tonearestten
574:7isinthetensplace,9is5ormore,so
increase7by1,and579roundsto580

(b) 34,127tonearestthousand
39,127:4isinthethousandsplace,1is4or
less,sodonotchangethe4,and34,127roundsto
34,000
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 Example

Roundeachnumberasindicated.
(c)498,712tonearesttenthousand
498,712:9isinthetenthousandsplace,8is5
ormore,soincrease9by1,and498,712 rounds
to500,000
(d) 69,965,130tonearesthundredthousand
69,965,130:9isinthehundredthousands
place,6is5ormore,soincrease9by1,and
69,965,130roundsto70,000,000
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 AddingWholeNumbers

Inaddition,thenumbersbeingaddedareaddends,
andtheansweristhesum,ortotal,oramount.
Alignnumbersincolumnsaccordingtotheir
placevalueandaddvertically.

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 Example
$738
Tofindtheonedaytotal 63
amountofpurchasesatthe
SUBWAYstore,manager 125
JessicaFernandezneededto 2617
addthefollowingamounts.
485
$4028

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RoundingNumberstoEstimateanAnswer

FrontendRounding
Alldigitschangedtozero,exceptthefirstdigit,
whichisrounded.

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 Example

Expertsthatareworriedabouttheworldssupply
ofenergystudydatasuchasthatshownonthe
nextslide.
Applyfrontendroundingtothedatainthefigure
toestimatethetotalamountofoilproducedper
yearintheUnitedStates.

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 Example

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 Example

Theestimateis1,550,000,000barrelsofoil.
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 SubtractingWholeNumbers

Asubtractionproblemissetupmuchlikean
additionproblem.
Minuend:isthetopnumber,
Subtrahend:thenumberbeingsubtracted,
Difference:theanswer.
Whenadigitinthesubtrahendislargerthanthe
minuend,useborrowing,asshowninthenext
example.
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 Example
Subtract2894SUBWAYdrinkcupsfrom3783
SUBWAYdrinkcupsininventory.
Writetheproblemasfollows.
Weneedtouseborrowing.

Minuend
3783
Subtrahend 2894
Difference 0889

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 Example

In this example, the tens are borrowed from the

hundreds column, and the hundreds are borrowed
from the thousands column.
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 MultiplyingWholeNumbers

Amultiplicationproblemisaquickwaytodoan
additionproblem.
Multiplicand:Thenumberbeingmultiplied,
Multiplier:thenumberdoingthemultiplying,
Product:theanswer.
Whenthemultipliercontainsmorethanonedigit,
partialproductsmustbeused,asinthenext
example,whichshowstheproductof25and34.
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 Example

Onarecenttriptovisitgrandparents,acollege
studentaveraged25milespergallonwhileusing
34gallonsofgasoline.Tofindthetotalnumberof
milestraveled,multiply25milestraveledper
gallonofgasolineby34gallonsofgasolineused.

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 Example

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 MultiplyingbyOmittingZeros

Ifthemultiplierormultiplicandorbothendinzero,
savetimebyfirstomittinganyzerosattherightof
thenumbersandthenreplacingomittedzerosatthe
rightofthefinalanswer.Thisshortcutisuseful
evenwithcalculators.

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 Example
Inthefollowingmultiplicationproblems,omit
zerosinthecalculationandthenreplaceomitted
zerostoobtaintheproduct.

(a) (b)
150 300
70 90

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 Example

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 Example

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 DividingWholeNumbers

Dividend:isthenumberbeingdivided,
Divisor:isthenumberdoingthedividing,
Quotient:istheanswer.
Divisionisindicatedinanyofthefollowing
ways.

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DividingWholeNumbers

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 Example

Divide126by24.Expresstheremainderin
eachofthethreeforms.

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 Example

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