TENSES

Introduction
Tenses bentuk kata kerja yg
menunjukkan waktu dari suatu
Berdasartindakan atau kegiatan
ada tidaknya kata kerja
nyata, kalimat dibagi jadi dua : kalimat
nominal
Kalimatdan kalimat verbal
nominal
Tidak memiliki kata kerja nyata, hanya
mempunyai kata kerja penghubung
yaitu to be sebagai kata
am, is, kerja
are, was, were,
utamanya. be, been
Kalimat
verbal
Memiliki kata kerja nyata sebagai kata
kerja utamanya (main
walk, verb).
drink, feel, come etc.
Conto
hKalimat
nominal
I am here.
She is a famous magician.

They were very excited in

the journey.
He was a teacher.

He has been here for two

years.
Conto
hKalimat
verbal
He talks very loud.

They will go to Singapore next

week.
I came to his house last
month.
Contoh macam-macam
bentuk Tenses:
Simple Present Tense:
He listens to the radio.
Present Continuous Tense:
He is listening to the radio.
Present Perfect Tense:
He has listened to the radio.
Present Perfect Continuous
Tense:
He has been listening to the
1. Simple Present
Tense

Tim Now
e
1. Simple Present
Tense
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + is/am/are +
complement
I am a student

She is a singer

You are lecturer

Ikrar and Amin are famous

magician
1. Simple Present
Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb1/verb-
s/-es
I go to school every day
You look happy
They do their work on time
We like this song
He comes to his house twice
a day
He learns English almost
every day
1. Simple Present
Tense
Notes:
Jika subyeknya:
I, you, we, they, my
friends kata kerjanya:
verb1
he, she, it, Andi, my
friend kata kerjanya:
verb-s/es
1. Simple Present
Tense
Mengungkapkankejadian,
tindakan atau sesuatu dgn ciri-
2
1.berikut:
Kebiasaan
My sister drinks milk every
morning
They speak Umum
2. Kebenaran English every day
The sun rises in the east
The world is round
3. Terjadwal atau terencana
The train arrives at 04.00
The shop closes at 09.00
1. Simple Present
Tense
Tanda waktu (Time
marker)
Every : every day, every
morning, every Sunday,
every year,
Always, never, rarely,
sometimes, often, usually.
On Sundays, on Fridays
In the morning, in the
evening
2. Present Continous
Tense

Tim Now
e
2. Present Continous
Tense
Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan simple
present
Subject + is/am/are +
complement
I am an university student
She is a singer
You are director
2. Present Continous
Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb1/verb-
s/-es
I am watching television
now
You are walking to the
library
She now.
is learning mathematics
They are reading books in
now
the library.
Diana and Eddy are listening to
the music.
He is writing a poem.
She is talking to Mr. Harris.
2. Present Continous
Tense
Digunakan pada:
1. Kejadian yg sedang
berlangsung
Susi is sleeping at her
room now
They are watching TV now
2. Kejadian yang akan
datang dlm waktu dekat
We are living for Bali
tomorrow morning
We are coming soon
2. Present Continous
Tense
Kata kerja yg tak bisa (hampir
tidak pernah) menjadi verb-ing:
wish taste smell
want suppose seem
sound see
understand love prefer
remember mean like
realize need know
hate own appear
hear forget have
believe
belong
2. Present Continous
Tense
Time markers
now
at the moment
at present
the moment
this time
3. Present Perfect
Tense

Tim Now
e
3. Present Perfect
Tense
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + has/have/been +
complement
I have been here for two
hours
They have been in Malaysia
since five years ago

He has been here for years

3. Present Perfect
Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have +
verb3
I have lived here for three
years
We have done our work since
yesterday
He has written this
storybook
Mr. Rusdi has written many
books since he graduated from
the university
3. Present Perfect
Tense
Digunakan ketika
mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan atau keinginan yg tlh
selesai sebelum now
She done all the works
We have visited some libraries in this
2. town
Perbuatan atau kegiatan yg
dilakukan pd waktu lampau dan
msh berkaitan
My father dgn waktu
has taught Maths sekarang
since
twenty years ago
I have waited
3.Aktivitas for selesai
yg tlh my mother for two
dilakukan,
hours
namun hasilnya bs dirasakan saat ini
She has read this book.
They have seen this film several time.
3. Present Perfect
Tense
Time markers
Since .: since last week,
since 1972
For .: for three months,
for two days
Already, just, not yet, three
times, so far
4. Present Perfect
Continous Tense
Kalimat nominal
Sama dengan Present
Perfect Tense
Subject + has/have/been +
Complement
4. Present Perfect
Continuos Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have/been
+ verb-ing
I have been learning
English for two years
The baby has been sleeping
for three hours
My sisters has been sleeping
since three oclock
4. Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
Digunakan ketika
mengungkapkan:
Suatu aktivitas berlangsung
cukup lama, dimulai pada
masa lampau dan masih terus
berlangsung sampai sekarang
Contoh:
I have been learning English for
two years
4. Present Perfect
Continuous Tense

Tim Now
e
4. Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
Time markers
Since .: since I was a
child
since two
years ago
For .: for three
since we met
years
for three hours
5. Simple Past Tense

Tim Now
e
5. Simple Past Tense
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + was/were +
complement
I was in Banjarmasin last
week
She was very happy
yesterday
Edwin was here just now
They were very excited
We were very happy
5. Simple Past Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb2
John went to Singapore last
month
He visited me yesterdaay
She wrote a letter to her
father last week
I met Linda three days ago
They drank tea this morning
5. Simple Past Tense
Mengungkapkan
1. Kejadian yg terjd di waktu
tertentu di masa lampau
Dina was here yesterday
He played badminton last
2. Saturday
Kebiasaan atau kejadian yg
berulang-ulang di masa
lampau
He always studied hard when
he was a student
In the past, he smoked almost
every day
You always cried every day
5. Simple Past Tense
Tanda waktu (Time
marker)
Yesterday
Just now.
Last : last week, last
month, last year, last
Monday, last February
.. ago: three days ago,
two weeks ago, two years
ago
6. Past Continous
Tense

Tim Now
e
Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan Simple Past
Tense
Subject + was/were +
complement
6. Past Continuos
Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + was/were +
verb-ing
Susi was listening to the radio when
I came
The young lady was sleeping when
her friends arrived
When I was writing a story , my mother
phoned
The director phoned me when I was
attending a meeting
Indi was watching television, while
Indra was reading a novel
6. Past Continous
Tense
Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan di masa lampau yang
disela tindakan atau kejadian yg
Susi was watching television when
lain
2. DuaI came
kejadian atau tindakan yg
terjadi dlm waktu yg sama di
masa
Iwan lampau
was reading a book while
Susan was sitting in the living
3. Kejadian
room atau tindakan yg
sedang berlangsung pd waktu
tertentu di studying
Doni was masa lampau
at eight
oclock last night
6. Past Continous
Tense
Time markers
when
while
at
7. Past Perfect Tense
1 2

Tim Now
e
7. Past Perfect Tense
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + had been +
complement
He had been here before I
came
The student had been in the
classroom before the lecturer
come in
7. Past Perfect Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + had + verb 3
Didan had gone to the school before
he went home
Dina drank her tea after she had
finished her work
Before Shinta cooked, she had
bought meat in the market
Doni had lived in Jakarta for five
years before he moved to
Surabaya
7. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan yg terjd sebelum
tindakan lain di masa lampau
Didan had gone to the school before
he went home

2. Kejadian atau kondisi atau

peristiwa yg berlangsung selama
waktu tertentu dimsa lampau,
tetapi
Doni berhenti
had sebelum
lived in Jakarta now
for five
years before he moved to
Surabaya
7. Past Perfect Tense
Time markers
before
after
when
8. Past Perfect
Continous
1 Tense
2

Tim Now
e
Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan pola Past
Perfect Tense
Subject + had been +
complement
8. Past Perfect
Continous Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + had + been
+ verb-ing
My father had been working
at the company for twenty
years before he retired
The doctor had examined the
patient accurately before he
decided to operate him
8. Past Perfect
Continous Tense
Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan yg berlangsung
lama, yang telah terjadi dan
terus berlanjut sampai pada
suatu
Jadi saat di masa
aktiviasnya lampau.
sudah
berlangsung dan baru berhenti
sebelum aktivitas lain di masa
lampau terjadi.
She had been working at he
hospital for twenty years before
she changed her job.
8. Past Perfect
Continous Tense
2. Tindakan yang sedang
berlangsung di masa
lampau.
Sinta was very tired because
she had been cooking all day.

Time markers
before
for
9. The Future Tense
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + well/shall + be +
complement

I shall be here tomorrow

They will be very happy
because of you
She will be there
9. The Future Tense
Kalimat Verbal 1
Subject + well/shall +
verb 1
The disrector will create a new
movie next Sunday
They will take an examination
tomorrow morning
Tantri will travel around
Kalimantan next March
9. The Future Tense
Kalimat Verbal 2
Subject + am/is/are + going
to + verb 1
I am going to finish my study
next November
He is going to visit Bali next
month
They are going to see their
parents this weekend
9. The Future Tense
Time marker
1. Tomorrow
2. Next ..: next week; next
month; next year
3. Tonight
4. In the future
5. This weekend
6. In five days
10. The Future
Continous Tense
Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan Future Tense
Subject + well/shall + be +
complement
10. The Future
Continous Tense
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + well/shall + be +
verb-ing
At 8 oclock tomorrow, I will be
watching my favorite film
He will be listening his favorite
song at this time tomorrow
She will attending the
mathematics class at this time
10. The Future
Continous
Time markers
Tense
at this time tomorrow
at nine oclock tomorrow
morning
at the same time tomorrow
at this time tomorrow