ALCOHOLS

SIERRA, LEONISSE
SERVIENTO, ANGELICA
GAERLAN, MICHAELLA
- Is any organic compound in which a
hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is
bound to a carbon atom usually
connected to other carbon or other
hydrogen atoms
- Alcohols are organic derivatives of
water H-O-H in which one of hydrogen
atom (H) is replaced by an alkyl group
 PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS

Alcohols can be formed from many, many

different sources. More than 7 different
functional groups can be converted to an
alcohol.
 REACTION WITH OTHER
COMPOUNDS
ELIMINATION REACTION
Propanol Hydroiodic acid

SUBSTITUTION REACTION

SUBSTITUTION REACTION
SUBSTITUTION REACTION
 NAMING ALCOHOLS
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
The prefix "n-" (ornormal) is used when
all carbons form a
continuous,unbranched (linear) chain. If
afunctional group(such as analcohol) is
present thatfunctional groupis on the
end of the chain.
The prefix "iso" is used when all carbons
except one form a continuous chain. This
one carbon is part of anisopropyl groupat
the end of the chain.
The prefix "sec" or "s" is used when
thefunctional groupisbondedto asecondary
carbon. This prefix is only useful for a four-
carbon chain. It is not applicable with a shorter
chain, and it is often ambiguous when the chain
has five or more carbons.
The prefix "tert" or "t" is used when
thefunctional groupisbondedto
atertiary carbon.
 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF
ALCOHOLS
Primary alcohols
In a primary (1) alcohol, the carbon
atom that carries the -OH group is only
attached to one alkyl group.
Secondary alcohols
In a secondary (2) alcohol, the carbon atom
with the -OH group attached is joined directly to
two alkyl groups, which may be the same or
different.
Tertiary alcohols
In a tertiary (3) alcohol, the carbon atom
holding the -OH group is attached directly to
three alkyl groups, which may be any
combination of the same or different groups.
 APPLICATION OF
ALCOHOLS
Alcoholic Drinks
The word"alcohol" in alcoholic drinks
refers to ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
Ethanol as a solvent
Ethanol is widely used as a solvent. It is relatively
safe and can be used to dissolve many organic
compounds that are insoluble in water. It is used, for
example, in many perfumes and cosmetics.
Methanol as a fuel
Methanol also burns to form carbon dioxide and
water:
2CH3OH+3O22CO2+4H2O2CH3OH+3O22CO
2+4H2O
It can be used as a petrol additive to improve
combustion, and its use as a fuel in its own right is
under investigation