RED BLOOD

CELLS
What happends during this stage?
After erythrocytic cycle, merozoite transforms into trophozoite again
Trophozoite ingest host cytoplasm forming large food vacuole in its
center (this results to a ring like form of plasmodium)
Produce hemozoin (a polymer of heme; an end product of parasites
digestion)
Parasite develops into schizont (??)
When merozoite developmet completes, host cell ruptures, releasing
parasite metabolic waste including hemozoin
Hemozoin is responsible for the symptoms of malaria
What is the critical point in this stage?
Hemozoin has a toxic effect on macrophages, so it lowers their
effectiveness as phagocytes

What are the key preventive measures

during this stage?
The presence of this protein, called CD55, was found to be
critical to thePlasmodium falciparumparasites ability to
attach itself to the red blood cell surface during invasion.
They found that malaria parasites failed to attach properly
to the surface of red blood cells that lacked CD55. The
protein was required for invasion in all tested strains of the
parasite, including those developed in a laboratory as well
What are the possible interventions during
this stage?
Results found on the study:
Here, we demonstrate that the clinically used macrolide antibiotic
azithromycin, which is known to kill human malaria asexual blood-stage
parasites by blocking protein synthesis in their apicoplast, is also a rapid
inhibitor of red blood cell invasion in human (Plasmodium falciparum)
and rodent (P. berghei) malarias. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate
that the action of azithromycin in inhibiting parasite invasion of red
blood cells is independent of its inhibition of protein synthesis in the
parasite apicoplast, opening up a new strategy to develop a single drug
with multiple parasite targets.
Conclusion:
 PROPOSAL
Operational research to ensure continued
monitoring of the efficacy of medicines in the light
of increasing resistance in countries.
More medicines available for persons infected with
Malaria.
Logistics for distribution of medicines to facilities
and specifically to EPI clinics throughout the
country.
Education and communication materials and
campaign activities to improve the prevention of