SEPARATION OF ETHANOL

FROM ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE

USING SIMPLE AND
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
 DISTILLATION
Process of separating components of
a liquid mixture
Basis of separation is difference in
BOILING TEMPERATURE or VAPOR
PRESSURE
Separation by evaporation followed
by condensation
VAPORIZATION OF
LIQUIDS
Vapor Pressure the
force exerted by the
liquid molecules per unit
area of the gas at the
liquid-gas interphase

Boiling Temperature
temperature at which
the vapor pressure of
the liquid is equal to the
atmospheric pressure
 HOW CAN WE VAPORIZE
LIQUIDS?
1. Spontaneous Evaporation
2. Heating
3. Decreasing the pressure of the
surrounding
 TYPES OF DISTILLATION
1. Simple Distillation
2. Fractional Distillation
3. Steam Distillation
4. Vacuum Distillation
 SIMPLE VS FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION

5
4

4
3
8
3
7
2
5 6
9
7
1
8
6 2

10

9 1

SIMPLE FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION DISTILLATION
 PHYSICAL LAWS GOVERNING
LIQUID AND GAS MIXTURES
1.Daltons Law of Partial Pressures
PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + .. PN

2. Raoults Law

PA = A P A 0

Where A =
FOR A TWO COMPONENT
SYSTEM
PT = PA + PB
nA + nB = nT
=
A + B = 1
PT = APA0 + BPB0
LIQUID-VAPOR DIAGRAM OF A
TWO COMPONENT MIXTURE
LIQUID-VAPOR DIAGRAM OF A
TWO COMPONENT MIXTURE
 IDEAL VS NON-IDEAL
MIXTURE
IDEAL NON-IDEAL
Non-interacting Interacting
(No IMFA) (With IMFA e.g.
polar, H-bonding,
Non-reacting van der Waals,
(No chemical Hydrophobic
reaction) Interaction )

Reacting
(With change in
chemical
AZEOTROPE
 MAXIMUM VS MINIMUM
AZEOTROPE

Maximum or Negative
Azeotrope

Minimum or Positive
Azeotrope
 USING THE LIQUID-VAPOR
DIAGRAM TO DETERMINE
COMPOSITION OF THE DISTILLATE
 SIMPLE VS FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION

SIMPLE FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION DISTILLATION
THE COLUMN
 THEORETICAL PLATES
Measure of
efficiency of the
apparatus used in
separation
Number of
purification cycles
performed
 THE EXPERIMENT

15 ml of sample was
placed in the pear- Distillation setup was
shaped flask assembled

Sample in the pear

shaped flask was heated Distillate was collected in
0.5 mL increments while
monitoring the
temperature
A graph of volume of
distillate vs temperature
was generated

% EtOH, Proof and

% loss were
VOLUME OF DISTILLATE VS
TEMPERATURE
Below is the graph generated from distillation of 30.0 mL
of lambanog, a native alcoholic beverage famous in the
Southern Tagalog Region. Determine the: (a) %alcohol,
(b) proof; and (c) % loss if the total collected distillate is
18.0 ml and the residue left in the flask is 11.5 mL.

10
0

90
Temperature (0C)

80

70

60

0 4.0 8.0 12.0

16.0 20.0 Volume
1. What is the boiling
point of pure A?
pure B?
2. What is the boiling
point of the liquid 90
mixture which is
made up of 0.30 of
A? 0.45 of B?

Temperature
3. What will be the 8
composition of 5
vapor when a (0C)
mixture containing
0.35 of A was
distilled using 8
simple distillation? 0
Fractional A 0.0 0.5 1.0
distillation with a B 1.0 0.5 0.0
column with 4 Mole Fraction
theoretical plates?
THE END