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Collagen: Seminar No 1
Collagen: Seminar No 1
Collagen
SHASHI KANT CHAUDHARY
JR
DEPT OF PERIODONTOLOGY & ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY
2
Content
History
Introduction
Structure of collagen
Synthesis
Types
Collagen in periodontium
Degradation and Remodeling
Clinical significance
Summary
References 4/6/17
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History
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Introduction
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Collagen
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Structure of collagen
Astbury was the first to suggest a structure for collagen in 1938, which
consisted of a mixture of Trans and Cis peptide units
The same feature was incorporated by Pauling and Corey in the model
proposed by them in 1951 that had three coaxial helices.
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Structure
Glycine, the smallest amino acid, It fits into the restricted spaces where
the three chains of the helix come together.
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Three polypeptide alpha chains coiled around each other 11
to form the typical collagen triple-helix configuration
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MICROFIBRIL
3000 (4.4D)
COLLAGEN
MOLECULE 15 Dia
104
TRIPLE
HELIX
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Quarter-Staggered Arrangement
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Synthesis of collagen
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Sites for synthesis of collagen
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Cementoblasts
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Synthesis of collagen
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Gene expression
Type Genes Tissue
I COL1A1, COL1A2 Most connective
tissues, including bone
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Collagen fibrils often are composed of more than one type of collagen.
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Fibril-associated collagens with
interrupted triple helices (FACIT)
Collagens IX, XII, XIV, XVI, XIX, XX, XXI, and XXII consist of
chains that have different lengths and contain a variety of
noncollagenous domains.
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Network-forming collagens
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Anchoring-fibril collagen
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Microfibril-forming collagen
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Transmembrane collagen
These collagens are transmembrane proteins with extracellular collagenous domains and a
C-terminal noncollagenous domain that functions in cell adhesion.
Type XVII collagen is found in hemidesmosomes of basal epidermal cells and attaches the
cells to the basal lamina.
Type XIII collagen is present in focal adhesion sites of fibroblasts and at cell-matrix interfaces
in some epithelia, muscle, and nerves, also present in the cell-cell adhesive specializations.
These collagens may interact with other cell surface or extracellular matrix molecules to
alter cell behavior.
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Multiplexin (endostatin-forming)
collagens
Type XVIII collagen is a component of basal lamina of epithelial and endothelial cells
and stabilize structures of the basal lamina.
Type XVIII collagen has multiple interruptions in the central helical domain and a
large, unique C-terminal nonhelical domain.
Type XV collagen has a similar structure and a wider distribution, including the
papillary dermis. However has less potent antiangiogenic activity than type XVIII.
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Other collagens
Type XXVI is found in the extracellular matrix of the testis and ovary
The structure of type XXVIII has some similarities with type IV but the
triple helical domain is longer
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DENTIN COLLAGEN
Type I collagen is the major protein of dentin matrix. Lesser amounts of types III, V, and
VI collagen are also found in dentine and predentine
Demineralized dentine and predentine show closely packed collagen fibers of 20-50nm
Dentinal collagen contains 2-3 fold increase of hydroxylysine compared to that of soft
tissues
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PULPAL COLLAGEN
Initially rich in type III, as matures type I collagen bundles are formed
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Collagen Location
I Lamina propria
III Lamina propria
IV Basement membrane
V Subepithelial basement
membrane
VI Microfibrils
VII Subepithelial basement
membrane
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PERIODONTAL COLLAGEN
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CEMENTAL COLLAGEN
The major proportion is type I (90%) and type III (about 5%)
collagens
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SHARPEYS FIBERS
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BONE COLLAGEN
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Functional adaptation of
collagen
This is proved by the atrophy of the alveolar bone that often follows
the removal of the teeth and associated PDL
The mineral interface also appears concave and this maximum strength to
the mineral-collagen interface
Due to this teeth is not able to withstand the varying types of mechanical
forces that ultimately leads to tooth mobility
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Age changes in collagen
Areas of hyalinization
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These changes are due to higher cross linking and stabilized forms of
collagen
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COLLAGEN DEGRADATION 57
EXTRACELLULAR
Break down of the collagen matrix element is a key component of any normal tissue
that is undergoing morphogenesis and growth
These are specialized enzymes that have evolved specifically to hydrolyze collagens,
because their triple helical collagen structure is resistant to most common proteinases
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MECHANISM OF DEGRADATION
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Collagenase-1 (Also called MMP-1) or fibroblasts type
collagenase
Matrilysin(MMP-7)
Metalloelastase(MMP-11)
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Regulation of MMP
B. Formation of phagosome
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Clinical significance
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Collagen disorders
Enzyme Disease
Lysyl hydroxylase Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type
VI
Procollagen N -proteinase Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type
VII autosomal recessive
Lysyl hydroxylase Menkes disease
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Scurvy vitamin C deficiency
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Collagen as membrane
Providing hemostasis,
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Hemostatic Collagen
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Collagen as Bone Substitutes
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Collagen for Local Drug Delivery
System
Another material commonly used for local drug delivery is Periodontal Plus AB
(EnColl). This product comprises tetracycline fibers impregnated in collagen
fibers, which are available in vials. These brownish-colored fibers are resorbable
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Summary
The various collagens are distinguished by the ability of their helical and nonhelical
regions to associate into fibrils, to form sheets, or to cross-link differentcollagen
types.
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References
Oral Cells And Tissues , Garant P.R , Quintessence Publishing Co,inc ,2003.
Edition;saunder Elsevier;2006.
Orban`s Oral Histology And Embryology ,Kumar Gs , 12th Edition , 2008, Elsevier Pvt.
Ltd
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Lippincotts Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry Richard A. Harvey, Denise R. Ferrier, Fifth Edition
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Thank you
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