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Basic Accounting Equation
Basic Accounting Equation
Accounting Equation
Investments
Investasi
Drawings
are withdrawals of cash or other
assets by the owner for personal
use
Penarikan
adalah penarikan tunai atau harta
lain oleh pemilik untuk keperluan
pribadi
Revenues
gross increases in owners equity from
business activities entered into for the
purpose of earning income
Investments Withdrawals
by Owner Owners by Owner
Equity
Revenues Expenses
TRANSACTION
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
STUDY OBJECTIVE
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 1
Softbyte
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 1 SOLUTION
There
Thereisisan
anincrease
increasein
inthe
theasset
assetCash,
Cash,
$15,000,
$15,000,and
andananequal
equalincrease
increaseininthe
theowners
owners
equity,
equity,R.
R.Neal,
Neal,Capital,
Capital,$15,000.
$15,000.
TRANSACTION
ANALYSIS TRANSACTION 2
Acme Supply
Company
Softbyte
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 3 SOLUTION
$16,600 $16,600
The
Theasset
assetSupplies
Suppliesisisincreased
increasedby
by$1,600,
$1,600,
and
andthe
theliability
liabilityAccounts
AccountsPayable
Payableisis
increased
increasedbybythe
thesame
sameamount.
amount.
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 4
Softbyte
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 4 SOLUTION
$17,800 $17,800
Cash
Cashisisincreased
increasedbyby$1,200
$1,200and
andR.
R.Neal,
Neal,
Capital
Capitalisisincreased
increasedby
by$1,200.
$1,200.
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 5
Softbyte Bill
Daily News
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 5 SOLUTION
$17,800 $17,800
Accounts
AccountsPayable
Payableisisincreased
increasedby
by$250
$250and
andR.
R.
Neal,
Neal,Capital
Capitalisisdecreased
decreasedbyby$250.
$250.
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 6
Softbyte
Bill
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 6 SOLUTION
$21,300 $21,300
Cash
Cashisisincreased
increasedby
by$1,500;
$1,500;Accounts
AccountsReceivable
Receivableisisincreased
increased
by
by$2,000,
$2,000,and
andR.
R.Neal,
Neal,Capital
Capitalisisincreased
increasedby
by$3,500.
$3,500.
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 7
$600
Softbyte
$900
$200
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 7 SOLUTION
$19,600 $19,600
Cash
Cashisisdecreased
decreasedby
by$1,700
$1,700and
andR.
R.Neal,
Neal,Capital
Capitalisisdecreased
decreased
by
bythe
thesame
sameamount.
amount.
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 8
Softbyte
Daily News
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 8 SOLUTION
$19,350 $19,350
Both
BothCashCashand
andAccounts
AccountsPayable
Payableare
aredecreased
decreasedby
by
$250.
$250. Since
Sincethe
theexpense
expensewas
waspreviously
previouslyrecorded,
recorded,
ititisisnot
notrecorded
recordednow.
now.
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 9
Softbyte
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 9 SOLUTION
$19,350 $19,350
Cash
Cashisisincreased
increasedbyby$600
$600and
andAccounts
AccountsReceivable
Receivableisis
decreased
decreasedby bythe
thesame
sameamount.
amount. R.
R.Neal,
Neal,Capital
Capitalisisnot
not
increased
increasedbecause
becausethe
therevenue
revenuewas
wasalready
alreadyrecorded.
recorded.
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 10
$1,300
Softbyte
TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
TRANSACTION 10 SOLUTION
$18,050 $18,050
Cash is decreased by $1,300 and R. Neal, Capital is
decreased by the same amount. This is not an
expense, but rather a withdrawal of owners equity.
REVIEW
KLASIFIKASIKAN POS-POS DI BAWAH INI DENGAN (1) ASSETS, (2)
LIABILITIES, (3) OWNERS EQUITY:
REVENUES
EQUIPMENT
WAGES EXPENSE
LAND
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
CASH
CAPITAL
PREPAID RENT
UNEARNED FEES
VEHICLE
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
REVIEW
KLASIFIKASIKAN POS-POS DI BAWAH INI DENGAN (1) ASSETS, (2)
LIABILITIES, (3) OWNERS EQUITY:
REVENUES OWNERS EQUITY
EQUIPMENT ASSETS
WAGES EXPENSE OWNERS EQUITY
LAND ASSETS
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE LIABILITIES
CASH ASSETS
CAPITAL OWNERS EQUITY
PREPAID RENT ASSETS
UNEARNED FEES LIABILITIES
VEHICLE ASSETS
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ASSETS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
STUDY OBJECTIVE 8
Income Statement
revenues and expenses and resulting net income or net loss for
a specific period of time
Owners Equity Statement
changes in owners equity for a specific period of time
Balance Sheet
assets, liabilities, and owners equity at a specific date
Statement of Cash Flows
cash inflows (receipts) and outflows (payments) for a specific
period of time
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS
SOFTBYTE, INC.
Income Statement
For the Month Ended September 30, 2005
Revenues
Service revenue $ 4,700
Expenses
Salaries expense $ 900
Rent expense 600
Advertising expense 250
Utilities expense 200
Total expenses 1,950
Net income $ 2,750
Net income of $2,750 carried forward from the income statement to the
owners equity statement. The owners capital of $16,450 at the end of the
reporting period is shown as the final total of the owners equity column of the
Summary of Transactions (Illustration 1-8).
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS
SOFTBYTE, INC.
Balance Sheet
September 30, 2005
Assets
Cash $ 8,050
Accounts receivable 1,400
Supplies 1,600
Equipment 7,000
Total assets $ 18,050
Liabilities and Owners Equity
Liabilities
Accounts payable $ 1,600
Owners equity
Cash of $8,050 on the balance sheet is reported on the statement of cash flows.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS
SOFTBYTE, INC.
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended September 30, 2005
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash receipts from revenues $ 3,300
Cash payments for expenses (1,950)
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,350
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of equipment (7,000)
Cash flows from financing activities
Sale of common stock $ 15,000
Payment of cash dividends (1,300)
Net cash provided by financing activities 13,700
Net increase in cash 8,050
Cash at the beginning of the period 0
Cash at the end of the period $ 8,050
Cash of $8,050 on the balance sheet and statement of cash flows is shown as the
final total of the cash column of the Summary of Transactions (Illustration 1-8).
EXERCISE:
KELLY CAMARILLO MENDIRIKAN DAN MENJALANKAN JASA BINATU
CAMARILLO DRY CLEANERS. SAAT INI, IA MENYEWA GEDUNG DAN
PERALATANNYA SAMBIL MENUNGGU PERLUASAN FASILITAS BARU MEREKA.
PEKERJAAN DRY CLEANING MEREKA DIKERJAKAN OLEH PERUSAHAAN LAIN
DENGAN HARGA DISTRIBUTOR. AKTIVA DAN KEWAJIBAN PERUSAHAAN PADA
TANGGAL 1 NOVEMBER TAHUN BERJALAN ADALAH SEBAGAI BERIKUT: CASH,
$5.400; ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE, $18.750; SUPPLIES, $1.560; LAND, $35.000;
ACCOUNT PAYABLE, $5.880. TRANSAKSI USAHA SELAMA BULAN NOVEMBER
ADALAH:
A. DIBAYAR SEWA UNTUK BULAN BERJALAN, $2.450.
B. DIKIRIM TAGIHAN KEPADA PELANGGAN ATAS PENJUALAN SECARA
KREDIT, $7.150.
C. DIBAYAR UTANG USAHA KEPADA KREDITOR, $1.680.
D. DIBELI PERLENGKAPAN SECARA KREDIT, $840.
E. DITERIMA KAS DARI HASIL PENJUALAN TUNAI KEPADA PELANGGAN,
$14.600.
F. DITERIMA FAKTUR BULANAN UNTUK BEBAN DRY CLEANING SELAMA
BULAN NOVEMBER (AKAN DIBAYAR TANGGAL 10 DESEMBER), $7.400.
G. DIBAYAR: BEBAN UPAH, $1.800; BEBAN TRUK, $725; BEBAN UTILITAS, $510;
BEBAN RUPA-RUPA, $190.
H. DITENTUKAN BAHWA PERLENGKAPAN YANG TERSISA PADA AKHIR BULAN
ADALAH $1.350; OLEH KARENA ITU, BEBAN PERLENGKAPAN SELAMA
BULAN BERJALAN ADALAH SEBESAR $1.050.
SUMMARY
Cara mendebit dan kredit
Accounting equation (PERSAMAAN AKT)
Assets = liabilities + owners equity
DEBIT KREDIT
Assets + expenses + drawing = liabilities + owners equity + revenues
(+) Debit; (-) credit (+) credit; (-) debit
ATAU :