CRACKS OVER

OPENINGS
 Cause:
Four causes are:
(a) Removal of windows or doors with inadequate
propping,
(b) Inadequate bearings,
(c) Loads applied directly over the opening,
(d) No (a)
Cause lintels.
Removal of windows or doors with inadequate
propping
Whilst not wishing to get complaints from PVCu window
installers, the most common reason for this type of cracking is
the removal of existing window frames to install PVCu. On
several occasions I have seen the total collapse of brickwork
above bay windows! On older properties with brick on end lintels
(soldier course), the lintel is formed in a similar fashion to firmly
pushing several books together between your hands. It would be
possible to place books on top of these without collapse, but
collapse would happen instantly if you released one hand ever so
slightly. This same principle applies to the soldier course lintels.
Repair
The best repair is to reset the lintel and repoint or rebuild the
brickwork above, and refit the window.
The poor repair is to do nothing more than repoint the cracks, as
the brickwork is now resting on the new frame. However, you
Cause (b) Inadequate bearings
The correct overhang (bearing) of the lintels above openings is
150mm (6 inches) each side. If the bearings are insufficient the
lintel will drop and the cracks will appear. However, on some
older properties I have seen huge stone lintels with only 50mm
(2 inches) bearings. Passed the test of time is a phrase I like
to use in these instances.

Repair
Replacement of the lintel is recommended. However, once
again repointing will suffice until the window or door is
replaced.

Cause (c) Loads applied above the opening

This often occurs above first floor lintels where the roof purlins
have been installed directly above the window openings. The
load imposed is too great for the lintel to cope with and the
downward pressure causes the cracking.

Repair
Once again replacement of the lintel is recommended. The
severity and age of these cracks would decide whether simple
Cause (d) No lintels
In some properties builders (bless them, they keep me in
business) decided not to install lintels at all relying on the
timber frame of the window to support the masonry above,
but once the window is replaced the cracks occur.

Repair
New lintels need to be installed and the cracks repaired.