Reynolds Averaged NS Equations

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi

Reynolds Method to Diagnosize Symptoms of

Infected Flows....
 Averaging of x-momentum Equation

u p
uv u
x

u p
uv u
x

U u ' U u U u

U u


 u p
uv u
x
uu uv uw



uv U u V v
UV
x

y

z

UV Uv u V u v


UV Uv u V u v

UV u v

u v u u i u vj u wk

u u u v u w u u u v u w

x y z x y z
 u p
uv u
x

u U u

U u

U
 Reynolds Averaged Steady Turbulent Momentum
Equations
Reynolds averaged x-momentum equation for steady incompressible
turbulent flow
u p
uv u
x
u u u v u w

UV
x

y

z


P
x
U

u u u v u w

P
UV U

x x y z
The Reynolds View of Cross Correlation
 Reynolds averaged y-momentum equation for steady incompressible
turbulent flow
vu vv vw

P
VV V

y x y z

Reynolds averaged z-momentum equation for steady incompressible

turbulent flow

wu wv ww

P
WV W

z x y z
 Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations
U V W
0
x y z

u u u v u w

P
UV U

x x y z
vu vv vw

P
VV V

y x y z
wu wv ww

P
WV W

z x y z
 Reynolds Stress Tensor
u 2 u v uw


R vu v 2
vw
wu wv w2

This is usually called the Reynolds stress tensor
u 2 u v u w


R u v v 2
vw
u w vw w2

Reynolds stresses : total 9 - 6 are unknown

Total 4 equations and 4 + 6 = 10 unknowns

 Time averaged Infected Navier Stokes
Equation

U U U 1 dp 2U 2U 2U u '2 u ' v' u ' w'

U V W v 2 2
x y z dx x y z x y z
2

For all the Three Momentum Equations, turbulent stress tensor:

( xx u '2 ) ( xy u ' v') ( xz u ' w')

ij ,infected ( yx v' u ') ( yy v' ) ( yz v' w')
2

2
( zx u ' w') ( zy w' v') ( zz w' )
 Reynolds stresses

Performing the Reynolds Averaging Process, new terms has arisen,

namely the Reynolds-stress tensor:

ij ,infection ij ui ' u j '

This brings us at the turbulent closure problem, the fact that we
have more unknowns than equations.
Three velocities + pressure + six Reynolds-stresses
Three momentum equations + the continuity equation
To close the problem, we need additional equations to solve
infected flow.
 Derivation of Conservation Equations for Reynolds
Stresses
Derivations of Reynolds-stress conservation Equations

Introduces new unknowns

(22 new unknowns)
Simplified Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations

U V W
0
x y z

P
UV t U
x

P
VV t V
y

P
WV t W
z
4 equations 5 unknowns We need one more ???
 Modeling of Turbulent Viscosity
Fluid property often called laminar
viscosity
t Flow property turbulent viscosity
MVM: Mean velocity models
constant t TKEM: Turbulent kinetic energy
MVM


mixing length equation models
One - Eq.

Free

High Re wall 1 Layer




bounded 2 Layer
3 Layer
k -

Models based on t
TKEM Two Low Re
Buoyancy

Eq.
Curvature
k -


k -l


k - kl
k f


......