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Crankshaft, Main Bearings and Shaft Alignment
Crankshaft, Main Bearings and Shaft Alignment
(text)
Medium speed engines have crankshaft
usually solid forged, i.e. made from a
single piece, while slow speed engine
crankshafts are mostly of semi-built
design with crankpins and webs forged
or cast in one piece and shrunk on to the
journals. The type of steel used, which is
carbon or alloy steel containing nickel,
chromium and molybdenum, is chosen for
its strength, resistance to fatigue and
hardness of bearing surface.
Medium speed engines have crankshaft
usually solid forged, i.e. made ... ...,
Slow speed engine crankshafts are mostly
the journals.
The type of steel used for crakshafts is ... ...
to ... ....
The cranks of a multi-throw shaft are set
at appropriate angles giving a firing
order for the engine. The firing order is
chosen primarily to obtain a smooth torque
and the best mechanical balance. However,
main bearings loads, exhaust arrangements
suitable for turbocharging and torsional
vibration may also be taken into account.
Although the crankshaft appears to be
robust, they rely on the main bearings to
develop their full strength.
cranks of a multi-throw shaft are set at
appropriate angles giving ... ...
The firing order is chosen primarily to
1.2 PARTS
1. CRANKSHAFT,MAIN BEARINGS & SHAFT ALIGNMENT
1.1 DEFINITION OF A CRANKSHAFT
The crankshaft converts reciprocating motion in the cylinder into rotary
motion of the propeller shaft.
1.2 PARTS
The crankshaft is made up of throws and jurnals. A throw consists a pin
( secured or attached to big / bottom end bearings ) and two webs or
crancks. Jurnals rest or lie in the main bearings.
1. CRANKSHAFT,MAIN BEARINGS & SHAFT ALIGNMENT
1.1 DEFINITION OF A CRANKSHAFT
The crankshaft converts reciprocating motion in the cylinder into rotary
motion of the propeller shaft.
1.2 PARTS
The crankshaft is made up of throws and jurnals. A throw consists a pin
( secured or attached to big / bottom end bearings ) and two webs or
crancks. Jurnals rest or lie in the main bearings.
1.2 PARTS
The crankshaft is made up of throws and jurnals. A throw consists a pin
( secured or attached to big / bottom end bearings ) and two webs or
crancks. Jurnals rest or lie in the main bearings.
1.2 PARTS
The crankshaft is made up of throws and jurnals. A throw consists a pin
( secured or attached to big / bottom end bearings ) and two webs or
crancks. Jurnals rest or lie in the main bearings.
1.2 PARTS
The crankshaft is made up of throws and jurnals. A throw consists a pin
( secured or attached to big / bottom end bearings ) and two webs or
crancks. Jurnals rest or lie in the main bearings.
1.5 MATERIALS
1.4 MANUFACTURING
Solid forged built in a single piece ( small-slow speed engines )
Semi-built design ( large medium-speed engines ). Crankpins &
webs are forged or cast in one piece and shrunk on to the journals.
Fully-built ( cast in single piece webs are shrunk on to the
crankpins and journals
1.5 MATERIALS
Carbon steel
1.4 MANUFACTURING
Solid forged built in a single piece ( small-slow speed engines )
Semi-built design ( large medium-speed engines ). Crankpins &
webs are forged or cast in one piece and shrunk on to the journals.
Fully-built ( cast in single piece webs are shrunk on to the
crankpins and journals
1.5 MATERIALS
Carbon steel
Alloy of nickel, chromium & molibdenum
1.4 MANUFACTURING
Solid forged built in a single piece ( small-slow speed engines )
Semi-built design ( large medium-speed engines ). Crankpins &
webs are forged or cast in one piece and shrunk on to the journals.
Fully-built ( cast in single piece webs are shrunk on to the
crankpins and journals
1.5 MATERIALS
Carbon steel
Alloy of nickel, chromium & molibdenum
Specialy alloyed grey cast steel
1.4 MANUFACTURING
Solid forged built in a single piece ( small-slow speed engines )
Semi-built design ( large medium-speed engines ). Crankpins &
webs are forged or cast in one piece and shrunk on to the journals.
Fully-built ( cast in single piece webs are shrunk on to the
crankpins and journals
1.5 MATERIALS
Carbon steel
Alloy of nickel, chromium & molibdenum
Specialy alloyed grey cast steel
1.5 MATERIALS
Carbon steel
Alloy of nickel, chromium & molibdenum
Specialy alloyed grey cast steel
2.2 PURPOSE
2. MAIN BEARINGS / CRANKSHAFT BEARINGS
2.1 LOCATION
In the transverse saddles of the bedplate.
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2. MAIN BEARINGS / CRANKSHAFT BEARINGS
2.1 LOCATION
In the transverse saddles of the bedplate.
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2.2 PURPOSE
To provide support for the crankshaft
2.5 LUBRICATION
2.4 PARTS
Upper & lower shells (fitted in bedplate seating / saddle )
Thrust bolts
Covers
Shims ( for adjusting vertical bearing play )
2.5 LUBRICATION
Pressure lubricated ( low pressure )
2.4 PARTS
Upper & lower shells (fitted in bedplate seating / saddle )
Thrust bolts
Covers
Shims ( for adjusting vertical bearing play )
2.5 LUBRICATION
Pressure lubricated ( low pressure )
2.6 CLEARANCE
2.4 PARTS
Upper & lower shells (fitted in bedplate seating / saddle )
Thrust bolts
Covers
Shims ( for adjusting vertical bearing play )
2.5 LUBRICATION
Pressure lubricated ( low pressure )
2.6 CLEARANCE
2.6.1 Measurement
2.4 PARTS
Upper & lower shells (fitted in bedplate seating / saddle )
Thrust bolts
Covers
Shims ( for adjusting vertical bearing play )
2.5 LUBRICATION
Pressure lubricated ( low pressure )
2.6 CLEARANCE
2.6.1 Measurement
lead wire
2.4 PARTS
Upper & lower shells (fitted in bedplate seating / saddle )
Thrust bolts
Covers
Shims ( for adjusting vertical bearing play )
2.5 LUBRICATION
Pressure lubricated ( low pressure )
2.6 CLEARANCE
2.6.1 Measurement
lead wire
wear gauge / bridge gauge
2.4 PARTS
Upper & lower shells (fitted in bedplate seating / saddle )
Thrust bolts
Covers
Shims ( for adjusting vertical bearing play )
2.5 LUBRICATION
Pressure lubricated ( low pressure )
2.6 CLEARANCE
2.6.1 Measurement
lead wire
wear gauge / bridge gauge
feeler gauge
2.4 PARTS
Upper & lower shells (fitted in bedplate seating / saddle )
Thrust bolts
Covers
Shims ( for adjusting vertical bearing play )
2.5 LUBRICATION
Pressure lubricated ( low pressure )
2.6 CLEARANCE
2.6.1 Measurement
lead wire
wear gauge / bridge gauge
feeler gauge
kjaer feeler
2.6.2 Adjustment
2.6.2 Adjustment
This can be taken up by reducing the thickness of shims
between the bearing butts and the housing.
2.6.2 Adjustment
This can be taken up by reducing the thickness of shims
between the bearing butts and the housing.
2.7.2 Kinds
2.6.2 Adjustment
This can be taken up by reducing the thickness of shims
between the bearing butts and the housing.
2.7.2 Kinds
Squeezing of the overlay / white metal ( problems with oil
film formation );
2.6.2 Adjustment
This can be taken up by reducing the thickness of shims
between the bearing butts and the housing.
2.7.2 Kinds
Squeezing of the overlay / white metal ( problems with oil
film formation );
Fatigue cracking ( due to poor quality, shaft misaligment or
local overload );
2.6.2 Adjustment
This can be taken up by reducing the thickness of shims
between the bearing butts and the housing.
2.7.2 Kinds
Squeezing of the overlay / white metal ( problems with oil
film formation );
Fatigue cracking ( due to poor quality, shaft misaligment or
local overload );
Dislodgement of overlay or white metal ( due to
cracking );
Scoring ( striation due to presence of hard particles );
Scoring ( striation due to presence of hard particles );
Wiping ( misshaped overlay or white metal due to high
temperature )
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3.1.1 Frequency
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3.1.1 Frequency
Once a year
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3.1.1 Frequency
Once a year
After replacing the main bearing
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3.1.1 Frequency
Once a year
After replacing the main bearing
If the ship has grounded
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3.1.1 Frequency
Once a year
After replacing the main bearing
If the ship has grounded
3.1.2 Techniques
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3.1.1 Frequency
Once a year
After replacing the main bearing
If the ship has grounded
3.1.2 Techniques
The deflections are measured through one revolution of the
crankshaft by inserting a dial gauge / dial indicator gauge
betwee the webs.
3. CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
Crankshafts are aligned to determine load reactions on each bearing. This is
done by laser tehnicques and computer calculations.
3.1 CHECKS
3.1.1 Frequency
Once a year
After replacing the main bearing
If the ship has grounded
3.1.2 Techniques
The deflections are measured through one revolution of the
crankshaft by inserting a dial gauge / dial indicator gauge
betwee the webs.
Measurements are taken at TDC, BDC and two horizontal web
positions.
3.1.3 Misalignment
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.4 Consequences
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.4 Consequences
Hogging is closing of the crank throw at TDC.
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.4 Consequences
Hogging is closing of the crank throw at TDC.
Sagging is opening of the crank throw at TDC.
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.4 Consequences
Hogging is closing of the crank throw at TDC.
Sagging is opening of the crank throw at TDC.
3.1.5 Reports
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.4 Consequences
Hogging is closing of the crank throw at TDC.
Sagging is opening of the crank throw at TDC.
3.1.5 Reports
Main engine crankshaft deflection report;
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.4 Consequences
Hogging is closing of the crank throw at TDC.
Sagging is opening of the crank throw at TDC.
3.1.5 Reports
Main engine crankshaft deflection report;
Main / auxiliary engine crankshaft deflection record;
3.1.3 Misalignment
Wear of main bearings;
Distortion of engine bedplate transverse members;
Damage to supporting ships structure.
3.1.4 Consequences
Hogging is closing of the crank throw at TDC.
Sagging is opening of the crank throw at TDC.
3.1.5 Reports
Main engine crankshaft deflection report;
Main / auxiliary engine crankshaft deflection record;
Crankshaft and engine bearing data sheet.