GSM OVERVIEW

HANDOVER IN GSM
HANDOVER

NEED TO KNOW
WHAT IS HANDOVER
WHY HANDOVER
WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HANDOVER
WHAT IS HANDOVER

HANDOVER IS A PROCESS IN WHICH, THE SERVICE

TO THE SUBSCRIBER IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE
SERVING CELL TO ANOTHER CELL, DURING THE
ACTIVE MODE OF MS AND THE CALL WILL
CONTINUE,TILL THE MS DISCONNECTS THE CALL.
WHY HANDOVER

IN ORDER TO
PROVIDE BETTER LINK QUALITY
TO THE SUBSCRIBERS.
MANAGE THE TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE
CELLS OF THE NETWORK.
Reasons For Handover

INTERFERENCE
RECEIVE SIGNAL QUALITY
RECEIVE SIGNAL LEVEL
POWER BUDJET
CONGESTION.
CONTINUED

THE RECEIVING QUALITY DEPENDS ON

INTERFERENCE AND RECEIVE LEVEL
NOTE: SINCE RECEIVE QUALITY DEPENDS ON THESE
POINTS, TO KNOW THE CAUSE FOR HANDOVER FROM
THE AVALABLE REASONS LIKE INTERFERENCE, RECEIVE
QUALITY AND RECEIVE LEVEL, A LOGICAL APPROACH IS
DEFINED AS GIVEN BELOW
CONTINUED

IF RECEIVE LEVEL IS GOOD AND THE RECEIVE QUALITY IS

BAD, THEN HAND OVER IS DUE TO INTERFERENCE.
IF RECEIVE LEVEL IS BAD AND THE RECEIVE QUALITY IS
ALSO BAD, THEN HANDOVER IS DUE TO RECEIVE QUALITY.
IF RECEIVE LEVEL IS BAD AND THE RECEIVE QUALITY IS
GOOD, THEN HANDOVER IS DUE TO RECEIVE LEVEL.
HANDOVER RELATED OPERATIONS.

THE MS DURING THE HANDOVER PROCESS SHOULD

GET CONNECTED TO ONE OF THE BEST NEIGHBORS,
WHERE IT CAN GET BETTER CONNECTION LINK QUALITY.
FOR THIS REASON, BSS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ITS
NEIGHBOURS LINK QUALITY. THEREFORE THE MS IN
DEDICATED MODE DOES THE FOLLOWING.
CONTINUED

MS IN ACTIVE MODE WILL MEASURE THE

SIGNAL STRENGTH OF ITS NEIGHBORING
CELLS AND ITS OWN DOWNLINK QUALITY AND
SENDS THE MEASURING REPORTS TO ITS
SERVER THROGH UPLINK SACCH.THE BSS
MEASURES THE UPLINK PERRFORMANCE FOR
THE MS BEING SERVED AND ALSO ACCESSES
THE SIGNAL STRENGTH OF INTERFERENCE ON
ITS IDLE TRAFFIC CHANNEL.
CONTINUED

THE OVERALL HANDOVER PROCESS IS

IMPLEMENTED IN THE MS,BSS AND MSC.
INITIAL ACCESSMENT OF THE
MEASUREMENTS IN CONJUNCTION WITH
DEFINED THRESHHOLDS AND HANDOVER
STRATEGY MAY BE PERFORMED IN THE BSS.
ACCESSMENT REQUIRING MEASUREMENT
RESULTS FROM OTHER BSS OR OTHER
INFORMATION RESIDENT IN THE MSC,MAY BE
PERFORMED IN MSC.
CONTINUED

STEPS INVOLVED
MS END
THE MS ASSISTS THE HANDOVER
DECISION PROCESS BY PERFORMING
CERTAIN MEASUREMENTS.
WHEN THE MS IS ENGAGED IN ASPEECH
CONVERSTION, A PORTION OF THE
TDMA FRAME IS IDLE WHILE THE REST
OF THE FRAME IS USED FOR TRAFFIC.
CONTINUED

DURING THE IDLE TIME PERIOD OF THE FRAME, THE MS

CHANGES RADIO CHANNEL FREQUENCY AND MONITORS
AND MEASURES THE SIGNAL LEVEL OF THE SIX BEST
NEIGHBOR CELLS.
MEASUREMENTS WHICH FEED THE HANDOVER DECISION
ALGORITHM ARE MADE AT BOTH THE ENDS OF THE RADIO
LINK.
CONTINUED

AT THE MS END, MEASUREMENTS ARE

CONTINUOSLY SIGNALLED, VIA THE
ASSOSIATED CONTROL CHANNEL,TO THE BSS
WHERE THE DECISION FOR HANDOVER IS
ULTIMATELY MADE.
MS MEASUREMENTS INCLUDE:
- SERVING CELL DOWNLINK QUALITY (BIT
ERROR RATE (BER) ESTIMATE)
- SERVING CELL DOWNLINK RECEIVED
SIGNAL LEVEL, AND SIX BEST NEIGHBOR
CELLS DOWNLINK RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL.
CONTINUED

THE MS ALSO DECODES THE BASE STATION IDENTITY

CODE (BSIC)FROM THE SIX BEST NEIGHBOR CELLS, AND
REPORTS THE BSICS AND THE MEASUREMENT
INFORMATION TO THE BSS.
BTS END
THE BTS MEASURES THE UPLINK QUALITY, RECEIVED
SIGNAL LEVEL, AND MS TO BTS SITE DISTANCE
THE MS RF TRNSMIT OUTPUT POWER BUDGET IS ALSO
CONSIDERED IN THE HANDOVER DECISION.
CONTINUED

IF THE MS CAN BE SERVED BY A NEIGHBOR CELL AT A

LOWER POWER, THE HANDOVER IS RECOMMENDED.
FROM A SYSTEM PRESPECTIVE, HANDOVER MAY BE
CONSIDERED DUE TO LOADING OR CONGESTION
CONDITIONS. IN THIS CASE, THE MSC OR BSC TRIES TO
BALANCE CHANNEL USAGE AMONG CELLS.
MS IN IDLE TIME
DURING THE CONVERSATION, THE MS ONLY TRANMITS
AND RECEIVES FOR ONE EIGHT OF
CONTINUED

THE TIME, THAT IS DURING ONE TIME SLOT IN EACH

FRAME.
DURING ITS IDLE TIME (THE REMAINING SEVEN TIME
SLOTS),THE MS SWITCHES TO THE BCCH OF THE
SURROUNDING CELLS AND MEASURES ITS SIGNAL
STRENGTH.
THE SIGNAL STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS OF THE
SURROUNDING CELLS, AND THE SIGNAL STRENGTH AND
QUALITY MEASUREMENTS OF THE SERVING CELL, ARE
REPORTED BACK TO THE SERVING CELL VIA SACCH ONCE
IN EVERY
CONTINUED

SACCH MULTIFRAME.
THIS INFORMATION IS EVALUATED BY THE BSS FOR USE
IN DECODING WHEN THE MS SHOULD BE HANDED OVER
TO ANOTHER TRAFFIC CHANNEL.
THIS REPORTING IS THE BASIS FOR MS ASSISTED
HANDOVERS.
CONTINUED

MEASUREMENT IN ACTIVE MODE

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

D/W a c a
b b
U/W 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4
5 6

CONTINUED

IN THE PREVIOUS SLIDE

a IT SHOWS THAT MS RECEIVES AND
MEASURES SIGNAL STRENGTH ON SERVING
CELL (TIME SLOT 2)
b - MS IS TRANSMITTING.
C MS MEASURES SIGNAL STRENGTH FOR
ATLEAST ONE NEIGHBOR CELL.
NUMBER OF NEIGHBORS.
MAXIMUM 32 NEIGHBORS CAN BE EQUIPPED
FOR A CELL.
CONTINUED

IF HIGH NUMBER OF NEIGHBORS ARE EQUIPPED, THEN

THE ACCURACY OF RSS IS DECREASED AS CAVERAGING
OF RSS TAKES PLACE.
PRACTICALLY A CELL SHOLUD HAVE 8 TO 10 NEIGHBORS.
IN ONE SACCH MULTIFRAME THERE ARE 104 TDMA
FRAMES.
OUT OF THIS 104 FRAMES 4 FRAMES ARE IDLE AND ARE
USED TO DECODE THE BSIC.
REMAINING 100 TDMA FRAMES ARE USED TO MEASURE
RSS OF THE NEIGHBOR.
CONTINUED

IF 25 NEIGHBORS ARE EQUIPPED, THEN

IN ONE SACCH MULTIFRAME EACH
NEIGHBOR IS MEASURED 100/25=4
TIMES AND AVERAGED OUT. THIS
PRODUCES A LESS ACCURATE VALUE.
IF 10 NEIGHBORS ARE EQUIPPED, THEN
IN ONE SACCH MULTIFRAME EACH
NEIGHBOR IS MEASURED 100/10=10
TIMES AND AVERAGED OUT. THIS
PRODUCES A MORE ACCURATE VALUE.
CONTINUED

INTERFERENCE ON IDLE CHANNEL.

GSM CAUSES ITS OWN TIME INTERFERENCE.
THE MS HAS A OMNI DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA, MUCH OF
THE MS POWER GOES TO THE SERVER BUT A LOT IS
INTERFERING WITH SURROUNDING CELLS USING THE
SAME CHANNEL.
THE TDMA FRAMES OF ADJACENT CELLARE NOT ALIGNED
SINCE THEY ARE NOT SYNCHRONIZED.
HENCE THE UPLINK IN THE SURROUNDING CELL
SUFFERS FROM INTERFERENCE.
CONTINUED

THE BSS KEEPS ON MEASURING THE INTERFERENCE ON

THE IDLE TIME SLOTS.
AMBIENT NOISE IS MEASURED AND RECORDED 104 TIMES
IN ONE SACCH MULTIFRAME.
THESE MEASUREMENTS ARE AVERAGED OUT TO
PRODUCE ONE FIGURE.
THE BSS THEN DISTRIBUTES THE IDLE TIME SLOTS INTO
BAND 0 TO BAND 5.
SINCE THE BSS KNOWS THE INTRFERENCE LEVEL ON
IDLE TIME SLOTS,IT USES THIS DATA TO ALLOCATE THE
BEST CHANNEL FIRST AND THE WORST LAST
CONTINUED

MEASUREMENT REPORTS ARE SENT TO THE BSS ON THE

DOWNLINK FOR EVERY 480ms.
SIMILARLY THE BSS MEASURES THE UPLINK LEVEL AND
QUALITY.
THESE REPORTS ARE AVERAGED OUT ACCORDING TO
SETTING OF FACTORS hreqave AND hreqt.
EACH AVERAGED VALUE IS CALLED A N.
HANDOVER ALGORITHMS.

0 -110dBm

10 -100dBm

-90dBm
20
l_rxlev_dl_p= 25 -85dBm
30 -80dBm
u_rxlev_dl_p= 35 -75dBm
40 -70dBm
-
-
63 -47dbm
CONTINUED

POWER CONTROL BY BSS

POWER CONTROL BY BSS IS BASED ON THE
MEASUREMENTREPORT SENT BY THE MS
AVERAGING MECHANISM IS USED TO
PRODUCE N. THE NUMBER OF MEASUREMENT
REPORTS TO BE AVERAGED DEPENDS ON THE
VALUES OF hreqave
N AND P VALUES AS WELL AS hreqave HAS TO
BE SET BY THE OPERATOR.
P OUT OF N AVERAGES MUST EXCEED
THRESHOLD.
CONTINUED

N1 AND P1 VALUES ARE USED FOR POWER

INCREASE AND N2 AND P2 VALUES FOR
POWER DECREASE.
A WINDOW HAS TO BE CREATED BY SETTING
THE UPPER LEVEL AND LOWER LEVEL
THRESHOLDS.
Example: CONSIDERING DIAGRAM I N
PREVIOUS PAGE
LOWER LEVEL THRESHOLD = 25
UPPER LEVEL THRESHOLD = 35
CONTINUED

POWER INCREASE N1 = 5
P1 = 2
In this case, only 2 (P1=2)
P1values
= 2 of N1 are above the
threshold, so increase of power by the BSS.

POWER DECREASE N2 = 4
P2 = 3
In this case, 3 (P2=3) values of N2 are below the threshold,
so power is decreased by the BSS.
THIS PROCESS IS SHOWN DIAGRAMATICALLY IN THE
NEXT PAGE.
CONTINUED

0 -110dBm

P1

l_rxlev_dl_p=25 -85dBm


u_rxlev_dl_p=35 -75dBm

P2
-60dBm

63 -47dBm
CONTINUED

bts_P_Con_INTERVAL. :minimum interval between changes in

the RF power level. Range 0 30 steps, size 0.96secs.
Pow_Incr_Step_Size: range 2, 4, or 6 dB.
Pow_Red_Step_Size: range 2 or 4 dB.
BS_TXPWR_MAX: Maximum TXPWR used by the BSS.

CONTINUED

POWER CONTROL MS.

0 -110dBm
Increase power

l_rxlev_ul_p = 20 -90dBm
-85dBm
u_rxlev_ul_p = 30 -80dBm

Decrease power

63 -47dBm
CONTINUED

POWER CONTROL BY MS IS BASED ON THE

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN BY THE BSS.
AVERAGING MECHANISM IS USED TO PRODUCE N. THE
NUMBER OF MEASUREMENT REPORTS TO BE
AVERAGED DEPENDS ON THE VALUES hreqave.
N1 and P1 AND N2 AND P2 VALUES THAT ARE USED BY
BSS FOR POWER CONTROL ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
THE MS.
P OUT OF N MUST EXCEED THE THRESHOLD.
A WINDOW HAS TO BE CREATED BY SETTING THE UPPER
AND LOWER LEVEL THRESHOLDS i,e
u_rxlev_ul_p and l_rxlev_ul_p as shown in previous page.
CONTINUED

0 -110dBm

P1
l_rxlev_dl_p=25 -85dBm


u_rxlev_dl_p=35 -75dBm

P2
-60dBm

63 -47dBm
CONTINUED

FROM LAST PAGE (DIAGRAM)

LOWER LEVEL THRESHOLD = 20
UPPER LEVEL THRESHOLD = 30
POWER INCREASE: N1= 5
P1= 3 In this case,3 values out of 5
are above the threshold,so power is increased by the MS.
POWER DECREASE N2= 4
P2 = 2 In this case,2 values out of
4 are below the threshold, so no power is decreased by the MS.
CONTINUED

ms_P_Con_INTERVAL : Minimum interval between changes in

the RF power level. Range 0 30 steps, size 0.96sec.
Pow_Incr_Step_Size : range 2, 4 or 6 dB.
Pow_Red_Step_size : range 2 or 4 dB.
MS_TXPWR_MAX : maximum TXPWR a MS may use in the
serving cell.
CONTINUED

POWER CONTROL RXQUAL

THE MS AND BSS ALSO MEASURE THE DOWNLINK AND
UPLINK QUALITY RESPCTIVELY.
THE RXQUAL MEASUREMENTS ARE AVERAGED AND
COMPARED AGAINST UPPER AND LOWER THRESHOLDS
SET IN THE DATA BASE.
N AND P VOTING MECHANISM IS USED TO DETERMINE IF
POWER INCREASE OR DECREASE IS REQUIRED OR NOT.
HANDOVER ON RXQUAL IS DONE ONLY IF THE MS OR BSS
IS AT FULL POWER.
CONTINUED

0 0.14%
P4 out of N4
decrease power
u_rxqual_ul_p
2 0.57%
u_rxqual_dl_p
3 1.13%
l_rxqual_ul_p
4 2.26%
l_rxqual_dl_p P3 out of N3
Increase power
6 9.05%

7 18.1%
CONTINUED

HANDOVER RXLEV
IF A MS IS MOVING OUT OF A CELLS
COVERAGE AREA THEN THE RXLEV AND
RXQUAL MEASUREMENTS WILL CAUSE THE
BSS AND MS TO INCREASE THEIR POWER
OUTPUT.
THIS PROCESS CONTINUOS TILL THE MS
REACHES ITS MAXIMUM PERMITTED OUTPUT
POWER AND THEN HANDOVER IS REQUIRED.
N5 AND P5 VALUES ARE USED IN VOTING
MECHANISM FOR RXLEV HANDOVER.
P OUT OF N AVERAGES MUST EXCEED THE
THRESHOLD.
CONTINUED

DIAGRAM 0 -110dBm

10 -100dBm
l_rxlev_ul_h
l_rxlev_dl_h
20 -90dBm
l_rxlev_ul_p -85dBm
l_rxlev_dl_p
30 -80dBm
u_rxlev_ul_p
-75dBm
u_rxlev_dl_p
40 -70dBm

63 -47dBm
CONTINUED

HANDOVER - RXQUAL
IF AN MS IS MOVING OUT OF A CELLS
COVERAGE AREA THEN RXLEV AND RXQUAL
MEASUREMENTS WILL CAUSE THE BSS AND
MS TO INCREASE THEIR POWER OUTPUT.
THIS PROCESS CONTINUOS TILL THE MS
REACHES ITS MAXIMUM PERMITTED OUTPUT
POWER AND THEN HANDOVER IS REQUIRED.
N6 AND P6 VALUES ARE USED IN VOTING
MECHANISM FOR RXQUA; HANDOVER.
CONTINUED

P OUT OF N AVERAGES MUST EXCEED THRESHOLD.

l_rxqual_ul_h, l_rxqual_dl_h, ARE THE THRESHOLDS SET IN
THE DATABASE BY THE OPERATOR.
CONTINUED

DIAGRAM u_rxqual_ul_p
0 0.14%
u_rxqual_dl_p

2 0.57%

l_rxqual_ul_p

}
4 2.26%
l_rxqual_dl_p
Adjust
power
l_rxqual_ul_h 2.26%
l_rxqual_dl_h 6 9.05%

7 18.10%
CONTINUED

HANDOVER INTERFERENCE.
IF THE RXQUAL OF EITHER THE U/L OR D/L
REACHES THE THRESHOLD THAT WOULD
NORMALLY CAUSE A handover BUY THE RXLEV
IS AT A VALUE HIGHER THAN THE THRESHOLD
REQUIRING A POWER INCREASE THEN A
handover MAY BE INITIATED DUE TO
INTERFERENCE.THIS TYPE OF HANDOVER IS
ALWAYS intra_call handover.
N7 AND P7 ARE SET FOR THE VOTING
MECHANISM.
CONTINUED

0 -110dBm
DIAGRAMS

10 -100dBm

l_rxlev_ul_ih
20 -90dBm
l_rxlev_dl_ih

30

interference
40 -70dBm

63 -47dBm
CONTINUED

DIAGRAM u_rxqual_ul_p
0 0.14%
u_rxqual_dl_p

2 0.57%

l_rxqual_ul_p

}
4 2.26%
l_rxqual_dl_p
Adjust
power
l_rxqual_ul_h 2.26%
l_rxqual_dl_h 6 9.05%

7 18.10%
CONTINUED

HANDOVER DISTANCE.
AS THE MS MOVES AWAY FROM THE BSS, THE
BSS CALCULATES THE TIMING ADVANCE AND
INSTRUCTS THE MS TO TRANSMIT EARLIER TO
COMPENSATE FOR THE PROPAGATION DELAY.
THE MAXIMUM TIMING ADVANCE IS UPTO 63
BITS.
THE MS_RANGE_MAX FIELD CAN BE SET TO
ANY ONE OF THESE 63 VALUES THUS
DTERMINING THE CELL RADIUS.
CONTINUED

AS SOON AS THE MS EXCEEDS THE

MS_RANGE_MAX, A HANDOVER RECOGNISED
MESSAGE IS GENERATED.
THE INTERVAL BETWEEN TIMING ADVANCE
CHANGES IS DETERMINED BY THE
timing_advance_period FIELD. IT HAS A RANGE OF
0- 31, EACH STEP BEING A SACCH MULTIFRAME.
N8 AND P8 ARE USED IN THE VOTING
MECHANISM.
CONTINUED

POWER BUDGET.
THIS ASSESMENT PROCESS IS EMPLOYED BY THE
NETWORK AS A CRITERION IN THE HANDOVER PROCESS,
BY SETTING A FLAG IN THE BBSS BY O&M COMMAND.
IF THE PROCESS IS EMPLOYED, EVERY 480ms , FOR EVRY
CONNECTION AND FOR EACH OF ALLOWABLE 16
ADJACENT CELLS, THE BSS EVALUATES THE FOLLOWING
EXPRESSION:
PBGT(n) = (Min(MS_TXPWR_MAX,P) RXLEV_DL PWR_C_D)
- (Min(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n),P) RXLEV_NCELL(n))
CONTINUED

Where the values of RXLEV_NCELL(n) and RXLEV_DL are

obtained with the averaging processes defined above.
PWR_C_D is the difference the MAX D/L RF power permitted in
the cell and the actual D/L power due to the BS power control.
MS_TXPWR_MAX is maximum RF TXPWR an MS is permitted
to use on a traffic channel in the serving cell.
MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) is the maximum RF TXPWR an MS is
permitted to use on a traffic channel in adjacent cell n.
P is the maximum TXPWR capability of the MS.
HANDOVER PROCEDURE.

THE NETWORK INITIATES THE HANDOVER PROCEDURE BY

SENDING AN HANDOVER COMMAND MESSAGE TO THE
MOBILE STATION ON THE MAIN DCCH.
THE NETWORK THEN STARTS THE TIMER T3103.
T3103 GUARDS AGAINST THE RECEIPT OF EITHER THE
UNSUCCESSFUL MESSAGE FROM THE SOURCE CELL OR
SUCCESSFUL MESSAGE FROM THE TARGET CELL. THE
RECEIPT OF EITHER MESSAGE STOPS THIS TIMER.
IF THIS TIMER EXPIRES THEN A CLEAR REQUEST WILL BE
SENT TO THE MSC IN A BID TO CLEAR THE CONNECTION.
CONTINUED

THE HANDOVER COMMAND CONTAINS ALL THE DATA

RELATED TO THE TARGET CELL LIKE BCCH ARFCN,NCC,
BCC TIMESLOT NUMBER,TRAINING SEQUENCE
CODE,POWER LEVEL TO BE USED, HANDOVER
REFERENCE NUMBER ETC.
THE MS SENDS HANDOVER ACCESS BURST WITH THE
SAME REFERENCE NUMBER AND STARTS TIMER T3124.
CONTINUED

WHEN A NETWORK SENDS THE PHYSICAL INFORMATION

MESSAGE TIMER T3105 IS STARTED BY THE NETWORK.
THE MS SENDS THE HANDOVER ACCESS BURSTS AND
WAITS FOR A PHYSICAL INFORMATION FROM THE
NETWORK
CONTINUED

IF T3105 EXPIRES BEFORE THE THE CORRECT RESPONSE

FROM THE MS HAS BEEN RECEIVED, T3105 IS RESET AND
THE PHYSICAL INFORMATION MESSAGE IS REPEATED.
THIS PROCESS IS REPEATED A NUMBER OF TIMES UNTIL
EITHER THE MS CORRECTLY RESPONDS OR THE
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF REPITITIONS(NY1) IS REACHED.
CONTINUED

IF THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF REPETITIONS IS

REACHED THE NEWLY ALLOCATED CHANNELS
ARE RELEASE AND THE HANDOVER
ABANDONED
ON THE MS SIDE IF THE TIMER T3124 EXPIRES,
THEN THE MS DEACTIVATES THE NEW
CHANNEL, REACTIVATES THE OLD CHANNEL
AND IF IT IS SUCCESSFUL SENDS A HANDOVER
FAILURE MESSAGE ON THE OLD CHANNEL AND
THE CALL CONTINUES.
CONTINUED

THE VALUE OF T3124 IS SET TO 320MS. (IT MUST BE

LOWER THAN NY1 TIMES T3105 FOR PROPER FUNCTIONS.)
THE TIMER T3103 CAN BE SET FROM 20 60 MS.
IF THE TIMER T3103 EXPIRES BEFORE EITHER THE HAND-
OVER COMPLETE MESSAGE IS RECEIVED ON THE NEW
CHANNELS, OR A HAND-OVER FAILURE MESSAGE IS
RECEIVED ON THE OLD CHANNELS, OR THE MS HAS
REESTABLISHED THE CALL, THE OLD CHANNEL IS
RELEASED.
CONTINUED

HANDOVER COMMAND
SENT BY THE SOURCE CELL TO THE MS.
CELL DESCRIPTION.
NCC

BCC

BCCH ARFCN

CHANNEL DESCRIPTION
CHANNEL TYPE TCH/F + ACCH, TIME SLOT NUMBER,

TSC
HOPPING CHANNEL SINGLE RF CHANNEL, ARFCN.

CONTINUED

HANDOVER REFERENCE NUMBER.

POWER LEVEL.
HANDOVER ACCESS
SENT BY THE MS TO THE TARGET CELL
ON FACCH.
HANDOVER REFERENCE NUMBER.
PHYSICAL INFORMATION.
SENT BY THE TARGET CELL TO THE MS.
TIMING ADVANCE VALUE.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HANDOVER

INTRA CELL HANDOVER

INTERCELL HANDOVER
INTRA BSC HANDOVER
INTER BSC HANDOVER
INTER MSC HANDOVER