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  • Hypertension: Definition: BP 95% Percentile Incidence: 1% of All Adolescents

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    This document defines hypertension in adolescents as blood pressure above the 95th percentile, which has an incidence of 1% of adolescents. It discusses essential hypertension and various causes of secondary hypertension, including renal, renovascular, cardiovascular disorders, endocrine issues, drugs/toxins, central nervous system factors, and others. It notes that hypertension must be recognized early and treated to prevent long-term complications and potentially identify underlying causes. Symptoms are often asymptomatic but can include headaches, visual issues, chest pain, seizures, and epistaxis. Investigations include urine tests, blood tests, blood pressure measurements, imaging, and specific tests. Mild hypertension may be treated with lifestyle changes while drugs treatments include ACE inhibitors, calcium channel

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    This document defines hypertension in adolescents as blood pressure above the 95th percentile, which has an incidence of 1% of adolescents. It discusses essential hypertension and various causes of secondary hypertension, including renal, renovascular, cardiovascular disorders, endocrine issues, drugs/toxins, central nervous system factors, and others. It notes that hypertension must be recognized early and treated to prevent long-term complications and potentially identify underlying causes. Symptoms are often asymptomatic but can include headaches, visual issues, chest pain, seizures, and epistaxis. Investigations include urine tests, blood tests, blood pressure measurements, imaging, and specific tests. Mild hypertension may be treated with lifestyle changes while drugs treatments include ACE inhibitors, calcium channel

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    7 views15 pages

    Hypertension: Definition: BP 95% Percentile Incidence: 1% of All Adolescents

    Uploaded by

    CLEMENT
    This document defines hypertension in adolescents as blood pressure above the 95th percentile, which has an incidence of 1% of adolescents. It discusses essential hypertension and various causes of secondary hypertension, including renal, renovascular, cardiovascular disorders, endocrine issues, drugs/toxins, central nervous system factors, and others. It notes that hypertension must be recognized early and treated to prevent long-term complications and potentially identify underlying causes. Symptoms are often asymptomatic but can include headaches, visual issues, chest pain, seizures, and epistaxis. Investigations include urine tests, blood tests, blood pressure measurements, imaging, and specific tests. Mild hypertension may be treated with lifestyle changes while drugs treatments include ACE inhibitors, calcium channel

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    of 15

    HYPERTENSION

    DEFINITION:
    BP> 95% percentile
    Incidence: 1% of all adolescents
    Aetiology
    Essential
    Record BP at korotkoff 4th and 5th
    In adolescents korotkoff 4th not
    audible. Recorded at 5th korotkoff
    sound.
    Secondary
    1. Renal
    AGN
    Chronic glomerulonephritis
    Hymolytic uraemic syndrome
    Henoch schonlein purpura
    Nephrotic syndrome
    Pyelonephritis
    Polycystic kidney disease
    Hydronephrosis
    Reno-vascular
    Artery stenosis
    Renal vein thrombosis
    Renal artery thrombosis
    Neurofibromatosis
    2. Trauma
    3. CVS disorder
    Coarctation of aorta
    Takyasu artertis
    4.Endocrine
    Hyperthyroidism
    Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Turners syndrome
    Phaechromocytoma
    Hyperaldosteronism
    Pregnancy induced hypertension
    5. Drug/toxin
    Oral contraceptives
    Corticosteroids
    Anabolic steroids
    Cocaine
    Amphetamine
    Heavy metal or lead poisoning
    6. CNS
    Increase intacranial pressure
    7. Miscellaneous
    Burns
    Leg traction
    8. Complication
    Stroke
    Heart disease
    Premature death
    NB: Hypertension must be recognized
    early and treatment stat in order:
    1.The long term complications can be
    prevented
    2.Recognition may lead to:
    Search for and identification of the
    causative process.
    1. Clinic
    Asymptomatic
    Occipital headaches
    Visual disturbance
    Chest pain
    Seizures
    Epistaxis
    2. Investigations
    Urine-RE
    BUN
    Creatinine
    Routine BP
    Measurements
    CBC
    Euro optional
    Renal U/S
    Specific test
    3. Mild H.T
    Non pharmacology
    Change in lifestyle
    Weight reduction
    Mod sall restriction
    Exercises (Aerobic)
    Drugs
    Single
    ACE inhibitor
    Ca channel autogonist
    Adrenergic blocking agent
    Double
    Add diuretic
    3rd triple
    +Direct vasodilator
    Hydralazine
    Prazosin
    4th quadruple
    +minoxide

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