There are three stages for

house wiring:
Underground stage
Rough stage
Electrical stage
From the power company, we get:
two hot wires
one neutral wire.
The two major voltages available in our
homes are:
115 VAC
230 VAC
Most of the receptacles in our homes are 115
VAC.
Washer, Dryer, Oven, etc. use the 230 VAC
receptacle.
 VOLTAGE RECEPTACLES

115 VAC 230 VAC

Ground
wire
Neutral
Hot

Hot wires
Ground
 Wires:
Hot (red/black wire)
Neutral (white wire)
Ground (bare copper
wire)
Screws: Screws:
Brass (for hot wire)
Silver (for neutral wire)
Green with green dot
(ground wire)
115 VAC
Wires:
Hot (red wire)
Hot (black wire)
Ground (bare copper
wire)
Brass (for hot wire)
Brass (for hot wire)
Green with green dot
(ground wire)
230 VAC
HOUSEHOLD WIRING FOR ROOMS:

For rooms:
Within the first 6ft of an entrance into a room, there should
be an 120volt receptacle outlet and then for every other
12ft there should be an outlet.
For the kitchen:
The outlets should be a minimum of 2ft apart.
Receptacle connection:
On the side of ground the 2 neutral wires are stripped
inch and pushed in the hole. Make sure to pull on it to
check that it does not come out. Now strip the black wires
inch, push them into the hole opposite of ground.
14 W gauge for bedrooms, hallways, living rooms, and all
ceilings.
Duplex Receptacles:
Some duplexes have 5 wires going into the receptacle, while others
have 3 wires going into the receptacle.
If a circuit is a feeder to the other circuits, then it has 5 wires: 2
neutral (white), 2 hot (black/red), 1 ground (bare copper wire). The
5 wires you see are actually power coming in and coming out.
If it is the end of a circuit, then it has 3 wires: 1 neutral (white), 1
hot (black/red), 1 ground (bare copper wire)
Every receptacle holds 15 Amperes of Current. Kitchen appliances
have 20 Amperes of Current and Dryers have 30 Amperes of
Current.
Every wire has an adjacent screw
 GFCI
-GFCI: Stands for Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupt. This receptacles is different from
conventional receptacles. In the event of a
ground fault, a GFCI will trip and quickly stop
the flow of electricity to prevent serious
injury.
-For kitchens and bathrooms with sinks, GFI
protection receptacles are required for
anything between 6ft from water. Make sure
everything is grounded for safety purposes.
-When does a ground fault occur? It occurs
when electricity passes through a persons
body to reach the ground instead of
following its normal path.
-GFCI receptacles protect against circuit
overloads, short circuits, or shocks.
-For GFCIs, a 12 W gauge is required which
is thicker than the 14 W gauge.
 GFCI CONTINUED
The GFCI receptacle itself has the Test and
Reset buttons. The reciprocal feeling into the
GFCI main no reciprocal has no Reset/Test
buttons, but will indicate GFCI stickers on them.

not GFCI GFCI

 A single pole (one location) or a 3 way (multiple locations) can be put
only on the incandescent.
You will see 4 colored wires on the dimmer. Blue, yellow, black and green.
Connecting wires for dimmer:
Green dimmer Ground leads to Green or
copper wire in wall box.
Black dimmer lead to Line (hot) wall box
wire removed from old switch.
Blue Dimmer lead to remaining wall box wire
(Load)
Cap Yellow dimmer lead with appropriate
size wire nut.
REGULAR MEDIUM BASE: used in regular fixtures

MOGUL BASE: is thicker and is used for street lights

CANDELABRA BASE: is smaller and is used in paddle/ceiling fan

fixtures

*On a ceiling fan which has lights, always use a A15

lamp because the filament is thicker and it will last
longer even though the fan causes vibration*
*G-style lamps are used in bathrooms*
*Fluorescent lamps are used under cabinets and
countertops, and are available only up to a wattage of
32 Watts instead of 40 Watts*
 Gang Box
The Gang Box must be UL listed in approval for
electrical work. Deep Gang Boxes are maximum
of 22.5cubic inches.
Inside the house : All gang boxes must be UL
approved.
Outside the house the gangs used must be UL
approved and suitable for dampness/wet
conditions.
According to Title 24 everything in the home i.e.
Bathroom, Kitchen, underneath the cabinets,
laundry room, outside light should have
incandescent lights.
 Low Voltage Wires

RedComputer-CAT5
White.RG6-TV, SAT, DSL, Cameras
Black..RG6-
BluePhone-CAT5

You can use red alone but to differentiate

between computer wires and phone wires
you use different colors.
 High Voltage Wires

14/ 2- 15A :is a 14G wire black, white, and ground

used for lighting wiring bedroom plug switches.
anything rated up to 15A.
12/ 2- 20A :is a 12G wire, black, white, ground,
yellow wire for identification.
12/ 3- 20A :is a 12G wire black (hot) white
(neutral), red (hot), and ground. In this there are
2 hot wires in one wire. If you have two circuits in
the same area then you could use black for one
circuit & jump the other circuits through red wires
especially in General appliances.
High Voltage wires
Continued
10 Gauge/30 A: is Orange in color used
for Dryers or Ovens if under 30 A. it is
also used for Air conditioning if no more
than 30A is required
8 Gauge/40/50 A: is a Black wire and is
used in ovens that are over 30 A.
6 Gauge/50/60 A: is used only in Air
Conditioners and Ovens that have very
high amperage
Low voltage enclosure: TV, Telephone, computers,
cameras, speaker DVR, i.e. communication, run one main
limit is 2RG6 (TV coax) cat 5- phone line or computer line.
When it says TV run 1RG6 i.e. Black wire.

..Phone

PPlug
TV.TV
On/Q.All 4 wires drop (2cat5 and 2RG6)
High VoltageStapled every 4ft 6in
Low Voltage.Not stapled tightly
1RG6TV Only
2RG6TV & DVR & HD
 Rough Stage Continued
RG6-Quad shield: a type of wire that helps to give
a better signal, but not a better picture.
(You could run High Definition signals like
Comcast Internet Company with RG6)
The wires going into every gang box should be
stapled within 6 inches of the box, on the wood.
The wires going into Double or Triple boxes,
should be 12 inches away from the box on the
wood.