Professional Documents
Culture Documents
History
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What is an Engineer?
http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/maps/m_asiaminor.gif
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Change from
nomadic life
(hunter/gatherers)
They were
becoming less
nomadic and more
what?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Kalina_hunter_gatherer.jpg/757px-Kalina_hunter_gatherer.jpg
The Beginnings of
Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
civilization
cultivate plants - the
in community group
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_06/d_06_s/d_06_s_mou/d_06_s_mou.html
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Increased food
production permitted
time to engage in other
activities such as:
Government:
Government:
organize work force
beginnings of a class
society
supervisors
foremen
workers - artisans
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14101/14101-h/images/p4_lesson3.gif
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Artisans are
considered
to be the first
engineers
Why?
http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2005/03/050326101411.jpg
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Early Achievements in this Era
People discovered methods of producing fire
at will
http://www.sevamay.com/fire/ch17.htm
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Early Achievements in this Era
Stone Age 600,000-5000 B.C.
People discovered how to use rocks as tools.
http://www.ulstermuseum.org.uk/filestore/images/collectionsarch/stoneage_reconst_rec300web.jpg
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Early Achievements in
this Era
Copper Age 5000-3000 B.C.
People learn how to shape
http://www.museumofman.org/html/exhibits_copper_age.html
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Early Achievements
in this Era
Bronze Age 3000-2000
B.C.
Mixing different kinds of
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/b/b6/300px-Bronze_age_weapons_Romania.jpg
The Beginnings of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Early Achievements in this Era
Development of a system of symbols for
written communications
http://www.jhu.edu/neareast/uem/page3.html
The Beginning of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Major Engineering Projects or
Inventions
Irrigation systems to promote crop growth
http://www.payvand.com/news/04/dec/ancient-dam-iran.jpg
The Beginning of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Major Engineering Projects or
Inventions
Animal-, water-, and wind-driven machines.
http://www.ourbc.com/travel_bc/bc_cities/thompson_okanagan/photos/keremeos/grist_mill_01_640.jpg
http://www.museums4schools.net/oxen_breaking.jpg http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/24700/24788/dutch_windmi_24788_md.gif
The Beginning of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Major Engineering
Projects or
Inventions
The wheel and axle
Plow http://www.kismeta.com/diGrasse/images/wheel.jpg
Yoke
http://www.connerprairie.org/HistoryOnline/images/yoke.jpg
The Beginning of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Mesopotamia cradle of civilization
irrigation systems
Euphrates
River
Clay Tablet
Also called Cuneiform
The Beginning of Engineering:
6000 - 3000 B.C.
Outstanding
contributions of
mathematics
Sexagesimal
system
divided circle
into 360
degrees
hour into 60
minutes
minute into
60 seconds
Engineering in Early
Civilizations:3000 -600 B.C.
Babylonian engineers:
scientific engineers
Familiar with basic math
Could figure out areas and
http://www.truthnet.org/Daniel/Chapter5/
Engineering in Early
Civilizations:3000 -600 B.C.
Babylonian engineers:
Roads were surfaced with a
naturally occurring asphalt, a
construction system not
used again until the
nineteenth century
http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Valentin/Jpeg/full171387.jpg
www.greatbuildings.com
Science of the Greeks and
Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D.
Engineering in Greece:
Had its origin in Egypt
Better known for the intensive development of
Archimedes (mathematics)
Science of the Greeks and
Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D.
Engineering in
Greece:
Use of ideas was retarded
because of the belief that
verification and
experimentation, which
required manual labor,
were only fit for slaves.
http://www.ecusd7.org/ehs/ehsstaff/dvoegele/work.jpg
Science of the Greeks and
Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D.
Engineering in
Greece:
Even so, greeks were able
to come up with a few
useful ideas:
Archimedes water screw
Crossbow
Catapult
Science of the Greeks and
Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D.
Roman Engineering
Liberally borrowed scientific and engineering
knowledge from the countries they conquered
for use in warfare and in their public works
Superior in the application of ideas and
techniques
Science of the Greeks and
Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D.
Heros Inventions:
Gear driven odometer
on chariot
Steam turbine
Hydraulic clock
Fire engine
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/InventionsO.htm
http://patentpending.blogs.com/patent_pending_blog/2004/11/heros_steam_tur.html
http://www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk/roots/images/tra_f11a.jpg
Science of the Greeks and
Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D.
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts for
Water supply
Sanitary systems
to military tactics
http://www.legionsix.org/contact1.jpg
Engineering in the Middle
Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries
Collapse of the Roman Empire 4th and
5th centuries A.D. was known as the
Dark Ages, but was it?
The word engineer began to appear. Its root
lies in the Latin word ingeniare, to design or
devise
Engineering in the Middle
Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries
Collapse of the Roman Empire 4th and
5th centuries A.D. was known as the
Dark Ages, but was it?
Animals and waterwheels began to replace
humans as the power source Arabs were
developing paper making, chemistry, and optics
Engineering in the Middle
Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries
Collapse of the Roman Empire 4th and
5th centuries A.D. was known as the
Dark Ages, but was it?
Sugar refining, soap making, and perfume
distilling became part of the culture
Engineering in the Middle
Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries
Collapse of the Roman Empire 4th and
5th centuries A.D. was known as the
Dark Ages, but was it?
Chinese were developing clocks, astronomical
instruments, the loom and spinning wheel,
and gunpowder
Engineering in the Middle
Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries
Johann Gutenburg - movable type produced the first
books printed on paper
Leonardo da Vinci - acclaimed as a great artist, was
Boyle Discovers:
motion
developed differential calculus, essential to
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