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Pce-Ii Unit-Viii-A
Pce-Ii Unit-Viii-A
SYNTHETIC FIBERS
Introduction
Synthetic fibers are the indirect consequence of
a spectacular growth in petrochemical industry.
The demand is one of the three basic needs of
mankind-Food, cloth and shelter.
Real driving force for the development of
synthetic fibre industry have been due to the
availability of feed stock from petroleum and
petrochemical industry.
The synthetic fiber industry based on comprises
of polyamides, polyester, acrylics and
polypropylene fibers and enjoy a major share in
international business and marketing.
1929 polyamides were first discovered by W.H.Carothers.
1941- polyester fibers are invented and commercial
production started in 1951.
1954- reported the synthesis of acrylonitrile &
polyacrylonitrile.
Polyamides are Nylon 6 & Nylon 66, about 85-90% of the
total nylon produced which find application in synthetic
fiber and Nylon tyre yarn ( Continuous strand of twisted
thread of natural or synthetic fibers). Because of high
Melting point, nylon 66 is proffered over nylon 6 where
high temperature performance is required.
Some of the other Nylons are Nylon 4,6; nylon 6,9; nylon
6,12; nylon 11,; nylon 12,; nylon 12,12,; nylon 13,13;.
Nylons are exception all strong elastic, abrasion, resistance
and easy to wash resistant to damage from oil and many
chemicals, low in moisture absorbency.
Nylon 6 is the first synthetic fiber introduced in
India.
The installed capacity production of the nylon is
36000 & 76000 tones and 43000 & 86000
tones in 2010- 2011 respectively in India.
Classification of Fibre
Major synthetic fibres and their characteristics
Synthetic Fibres
Cyclohexane
Caprolactum
Adipic acid
Adiponitrile
Hexamethylene Diamine
Terephthalic acid & Dimethyl terephthalate
Acrylonitrile
Polyethylene terephthalate
Nylon 66
Nylon 6
CYCLOHEXANE C6H12
Cyclohexane is an important chemical
intermediate derived from benzene.
It is used for the manufacture of
Caprolactam,;
Adipic acid &Hexamethylene diamine used
for manufacture of Nylon 66; and
Caprolactam used for the manufacture of
Nylon 6.
Major portion of 90% of the Cyclohexane is
used in the manufacture of nylon fiber and
nylon molding resin and remaining 10% of
Cyclohexane ends up as solvents or in
Cyclohexane is made by catalytic hydrogenation of
benzene in liquid phase or the vapor phase.
UOP (universal oil products) hydrogenation process
use a liquid phase hydrogenation of benzene at 200 to
3000C in presence of platinum based catalyst
promoted by lithium salt at 3 Mpa.