Introduction to Queuing Theory

Queues or waiting lines are one of the most

unpleasant parts of our daily lives. Unfortunately they
occur everywhere, for example, at a bank counter, at a
movie ticket counter, in supermarket checkout
counter, at a doctor etc. The formation of waiting lines
is a common phenomenon which occurs whenever the
current demand for service exceeds the current
capacity to provide that service.
Characteristics of Queuing System
The input (or arrival pattern)
Arrival pattern of units can be described in terms of probability
distributions.

Queue (or waiting line)

The units requiring service enter the queuing system on their arrival and
join a queue.

The service discipline (or queue discipline)

Manner in which the units in the queue are chosen for service FCFS,
LCFS, SIRO, Priority preemptive/non-preemptive.

The service mechanism (or service pattern)

The pattern in which the customers are served and facilities given to the
customers Single/Multi Channel.
Basic Queuing Process
The basic queuing process can be described as a process
in which the customers arrive for service at a service
counter, wait for their turn in the queue and are served
when the service counter gets free and finally as soon as
the customer is served he leaves the system.
Departure
Input Queue Service
mechanism
(Served Units)
The State of the System
Transient State: State of the system when its operating
characteristics are dependent on time.

Steady State: State of the system in the long run when

its operating characteristics becomes independent of the
time.

Explosive State: State of the system when arrival rate is

more than its servicing rate.
Thank You