Prabu K, Saumya Gupta , Satwiki Jaiswal

Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering
Vellore Institute of Technology,Vellore. India
OBJECTIVES
To derive expressions for average spectral efficiency
of Coherent OWC.
To plot Ergodic Channel Capacity of Coherent OWC
with respect to SNR.
To analyze the given results obtained.
Introduction
FSO involves the transfer of data/information between two points
using optical radiation as the carrier signal through unguided channels.
The data to be transported could be modulated on the intensity, phase
or frequency of the optical carrier.
An FSO link is essentially based on line-of sight (LOS), thus to ensure
a successful exchange of information requires that both the transmitter
and the receiver directly see one another without any obstruction in
their path.
How FSO Works
Features of FSO
Huge modulation bandwidth
ease of installation
high security features
immunity against Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
less cost
High data rates
Challenges faced by FSO
Fog

Physical obstructions
Scintillation

Solar interference

Scattering

Absorption
Challenges faced by FSO
Pointing Error
Another challenge is that from the misalignment happening in
the line of sight between the transmitter and receiver because of
building sways from winds or minor earthquakes accounting to
pointing error which in turn degrades the system performance.

Thermal expansion, dynamic wind loads and weak

earthquakes result in the sway of high-rise buildings.
For comparison, the Burj Khalifawhich is 2,717 feet (828
meters), almost double the 1,379 feet (420 meters) of 432 Park
Avenuesways about five feet. One World Trade Center, which
is taller (1,776 feet, 541 meters) than this luxurious skyscraper,
only sways three feet. The Sears Tower average sway is six inches,
although it can do 12 inches in strong winds according to
Dupont.
Applications of FSO
Metro Area Networks (MAN)

Last Mile Access

Enterprise connectivity

Fiber backup

Backhaul

Service acceleration

Malaga Model
These effects can be modeled by many distribution
models such as log normal , K distribution,Gamma
Gamma distribution and so forth.
Log-normal works for weak turbulence.Similarly K
distribution breaks down in onset of moderate to stron
turbulence.
A new generalized propagation model has been
adopted which can model other distributions as
special cases called the M Distribution channel model.
Derivation Flow
Derived the expressions for ASE(average spectral efficiency ) of Coherent OWC
Modulation scheme using M Distribution and produced the results.
Step1:Take SNR Value

Step2:Compute
(B/ln2)*ln(1+SNR)

Step3
PDF f(h) with
pointing error

C=(B/ln2)*ln(1+SNR)*f(h)dh
Channel capacity analysis

Cerg=

Cerg =
Results

Fig.1. Ergodic capacity as function of SNR with pointing error for a=10,b=5
Ergodic channel capacity for
different =4 and =2

Fig.2. Ergodic capacity as function of SNR with pointing error with a=4,b=2
Ergodic channel capacity for
different =1and =1

Fig.3. Ergodic capacity as function of SNR with pointing error with a=1,b=1
Ergodic channel capacity for
different and

Fig.4. Ergodic capacity as function of SNR with pointing error for different values of a and b
Conclusion
FSO is leading wireless technology with many applications.
But the performance of FSO systems is greatly deteriorated
by severe turbulence conditions and pointing errors.
The effects of these limitations are investigated by deriving
the novel closed form expressions for the ergodic channel
capacity for Coherent OWC FSO system. The analytical
graphs of these parameters are then plotted. It can be
inferred that as the value of increases ,Ergodic capacity
also increases. These plots clearly indicate how pointing
error and turbulence effects affect the performance of FSO
channel on the communication system.