FIRE ALARM CIRCUIT

Guided by: TEAM MEMBERS:

DR.RAMESH
SANJAY.R-20EC052
Associate Professor
SHANKAR.P-20EC056
Sri Shakthi institute of
SUDHARSUN.D.S-20EC066
engineering and technology
VIGNESHWAR.M-20EC071

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SRI SHAKTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (31/07/2021)
2
CONTENTS:

 Fire Alarm Circuit – introduction

 Problem statement
 objectives
 Components required
 Block Diagram
 Circuit Design
 Working
 Outcome
 Advantages and applications
 conclusion
PROBLEM STATEMENT:

 Many hostels are becoming in fire trouble/hazards where the hostellers can
loose their belongings/properties and lives. To reduce that problem the
system for fire detection and alert in case fire outbreak should be designed
and implemented.
OBJECTIVES:

 To design and implement an automatic fire detection and intimate system for
DIT hostels

 To des the circuit for detecting smoke

 To design a subsystem to intimate incase smoke is detected

FIRE ALARM CIRCUIT- INTRODUCTION

 Fire Alarm Circuit is a simple circuit that detects the fire and activates the Siren
Sound or Buzzer. Fire Alarm Circuits are very important devices to detect fire in the
right time and prevent any damage to people or property.

 Fire Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part of the security systems which help
in detecting or preventing damage. Installing Fire Alarm Systems and Smoke Sensors
in commercial buildings like offices, movie theatres, shopping malls and other
public places is compulsory.

 There are many expensive and sophisticated Fire Alarm Circuit in the form of stand-
alone devices, but we have designed five very simple Fire Alarm Circuits using
common components like Thermistor, LM358, Germanium Diode, LM341 and NE555.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

• 1 x 10 K Thermistor
• 1 x LM358 Operational Amplifier (Op – Amp)
• 1 x 4.7 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 10 KΩ Potentiometer
• 1 x Buzzer (5V Buzzer)
• Connecting Wires
• Mini Breadboard
• 5V Power Supply
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DESIGN

 The design of the Fire Alarm Circuit with Siren Sound is very simple. First,
connect the 10 KΩ Potentiometer to the inverting terminal of the LM358 Op –
Amp. One end of the POT is connected to +5V, other end is connected to GND
and the wiper terminal is connected to Pin 2 of Op – Amp.
 We will now make a potential divider using 10 K Thermistor and 10 KΩ
Resistor. The output of this potential divider i.e. the junction point is
connected to the non – inverting input of the LM358 Operational Amplifier.
 We have chosen a small, 5V buzzer in this project to make the alarm or siren
sound. So, connect the output of the LM358 Op – amp to the 5V Buzzer
directly.
 Pins 8 and 4 of the LM358 IC i.e. V+ and GND are connected to +5V and GND
respectively.
WORKING

 We will now see the working of the simple Fire Alarm Circuit. First thing to
know is that the main component in detecting the fire is the 10 K
Thermistor. As we mentioned in the component description, the 10 K
Thermistor used here is a NTC type Thermistor. If the temperature
increases, the resistance of the Thermistor decreases.
 In case of fire, the temperature increases. This increase in temperature will
reduce the resistance of the 10 K Thermistor. As the resistance decreases,
the output of the voltage divider will increase. Since the output of the
voltage divider is given to the non – inverting input of the LM358 Op – Amp,
its value will become more than that of the inverting input. As a result, the
output of the Op – Amp becomes high and it activates the buzzer.
OUTCOME

 Fire alarms alert building occupants of a fire that alert emergency public
responders (police and fire) through a central station link to initiate
appropriate responses.
 FACPs, or fire alarm control units, comprise of electric panels that function as
the controlling components of a fire alarm system
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

 Fire Alarm Circuits are very useful in homes, offices, schools, labs, etc. to
detect and prevent any disasters due to fire.
 Fire Alarm Systems can work as a stand – alone devices or be a part of a
complex home security system with other security features like smoke
detection, intruder alert, motion detection, etc.
 A fire alarm system includes many components and features to help keep you
protected. It saves lives by warning building occupants of emergencies so they
can get out of danger.
 The most common causes of home fires were from cooking, heating, electrical
distribution, and lighting systems, including those used during the holidays,
like Christmas trees and lights.1 Fireplaces used during the holidays and
colder months can create hazards as well
CONCLUSION

 Hence electronic circuits can be designed for the fire based alarms and they
provide very high efficiency and can be used for the security reasons.
 Early fire detection is best achieved by the installation and maintenance of
fire detection equipment in all rooms and areas of the house or building.