BIODIESEL

Need for Biodiesel

With the reserves of fossil fuel declining worldwide and due to the
negative environmental consequences of exhaust gases from
petroleum-fuelled engines
Biodiesel as an alternative fuel is one of the best choices among
other sources due to having immense potential to reduce pollutant
emissions
Biodiesel is alkyl esters of fatty acids. and can be obtained by
employing the transesterification treatment of vegetable oils.
Biodiesel can be produced by seeds of jatropha which are non
edible in nature.
JATROPHA CURCAS

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) have been successfully proved as the

potential source for biodiesel.
Jatropha yields around 4 to 8 tonnes ha_1 of seed
The high oil content (66%) of Jatropha curcas seeds is one of the
main reasons that promote biodiesel production .
Biodiesel can be produced from Jatropha curcus through many ways.
Some of the methods are screw press expeller, continuous
centrifugal contractor
 Screw press expeller

on increasing the temperature and moisture content to 110C

and 9.69 % respectively, oil recovery first increased to 73% and
cake residual oil decreased. On further increase in temperature
and moisture content, oil recovery decreased and cake residual
oil increased. This was attributed to the swelling of mucilage due
This is used for extracting of oil from
higher moisture content, which produced a cushioning effect
jatropha seeds
(friction effect) thus reducing the oil flow rate
 Sediment content increased for both cooked
and uncooked seeds,when moisture content
decreased from 12.16% to 7.22%.

Residual oil first decreases then it got

increased with increase in moisture
Engine performance and its Characteristics
BRAKE SPECIFICFUEL
CONSUMPTION:
The BSFC of diesel engine depends on
the relationship among volumetric fuel
injection system, fuel density, viscosity
and heating value.
The SFC of the oil as well as the blends
were decreased with increasing load from
0.77 to 3.078 [Pramanik]
The fuel consumptions were also found
to increase in blends with higher
proportion of Jatropha curcas oil
 Effect on NOx emission

NOX formation depends mainly on the

combustion temperature and oxygen
availability in the engine cylinder.
With the addition of biodiesel, generally
NOx emission level increased . Due to
improved combustion with bio diesel .
Higher cetane number of the biodiesel
reduces the ignition delay which increases
NOx emissions
Effect on CO emissions
CO formation results from the incomplete combustion due to the insufficient amount of air or insufficient
residence time in the combustion chamber.
CO emissions of Jatropa biodiesel operation is lower than that of diesel for a given load, speed and injection
timing condition.
Increasing trend of carbon monoxide (CO) emission levels are observed with power output. This increasing
trend of CO emissions is due to increase in volumetric fuel consumption and knock with the engine power
output.
 NOx emission trend [Mofijur] NOx emission trend [Palash]

Effect of speed on NOx emission at Increase in NOx rate with increase in

Effect on NOx emission
NOX formation depends mainly on the combustion
temperature and oxygen availability in the engine
cylinder.
Several authors have reported that with the
NOx emission, Diesel vs.
addition of biodiesel, generally NOx emission level
Jatropa Biodiesel [Jindal]
increased. Due to improved combustion with bio
diesel the temperature in the combustion chamber Oxidation Mechanism for NOx
can be expected to be higher. Large amount of Mechanisms
(a) O + N2 =NO + N
oxygen is also present, due to presence of Jatropa
(b) N + O2 = NO + O
oil which leads to formation of higher quantity of (c) N + OH = NO + H
NOx. [11] (d) NO + HO2 =NO2 + OH
It has been found that with increase in compression (e) NO2 + O = NO + O2
ratio, the emission level of NOx tends to raise . Increase in NOx rate with
Also, Increase in injection pressure led to reduction increase in EGR [Gomaa]
in NOx emissions.
The increase NOx emission due to Jatropa addition
can be reduced by ignition retardation [3-6]
With increase in Jatropa in blend, NOx emission
increased with loading condition. This is mainly due
to increased combustion temperature