Studying The Performance of Pongamia Biodiesel by using Nano partical fuel

Additives

Nanoparticals with biodiesel:

•Biodiesel is a renewable and eco- friendly alternative diesel fuel for diesel engine.
Biodiesel has higher viscosity, density, pour point, flash point and cetane number than
diesel fuel.

•Biodiesel have lower carbon mono oxide and HC emmision

•But gives poor performance and have higher Nox emmision. So to improve the
performance and emission especially Nox of diesel and diesel blended with biodiesel
nanofuels have become an essential part of today’s fuels.

Effect of nanoparticals on CI parameters:

•Reduces higher flame tempratures,enhances brake thermal efficiency, lowers the

specific fuel consumption
•Reduces Nox emmision,some metal base additives reduces amount of pollutant
emitted in exhaust.
Types of nanoparticals used as additives:

•Oxide: alumina (Al2O3), copper oxide, (CuO), magnetite (Fe3O4) , zinc oxide (ZnO),
manganese oxide (MnO) and ceria (CeO2)
•Metal :copper (Cu), iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Magnesium (Mn), Boron (Br) and aluminum
(Al)

Literature review :

•S.N.Bobade et al.[1] studied the properties of Pongamia pinnata for the production of
biodiesel. According to them The yield potential per hectare is 900 to 9000 Kg/Hectare
of pongamia seeds. As per statics available pongamia oil has got a potential of 135000
million tones per annum and only 6% is being utilized. And indian mills can extract
about 24% oil by mechanical expeller.

•Shruthi H Heroor et al.[2] used Honge oil(pongamia oil) as fuel in CI engine.

Performance tests was conducted on a single cylinder four-stroke water-cooled
compression ignition engine connected to an eddy current dynamometer with different
percentage ethanol and methanol in honge bio-diesel blended with diesel. The
performance and combustion characteristics of blends were evaluated at variable loads
at constant rated speed and results were compared with diesel.
It was observed that the mechanical efficiency, IP for P30,P40, P50 is very close to
diesel at low and slightly higher than diesel at higher load.P30,P40 are higher than
diesel whereas P60 higher than diesel at higher load. The SFC for all the blends is
higher however P20 is closer to diesel.and specific fuel consumption of blends was
higher than diesel.

•K.Nantha Gopal et al.[3] studied Effect of pongamia biodiesel on emission and

combustion characteristics of DI compression ignition engine. They tested pongamia
oil with different blends PME 20, PME 40, PME 60 and PME 80. Comparison is made
with diesel operation. Parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel
consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, smoke and NOx emissions
are evaluated.they observed that SFC increases with increase in percentage of
biodiesel in the biodiesel blends because of the lower heating value of biodiesel. It is
also observed that there is significant reduction in CO, UBHC and smoke emissions for
all biodiesel blends when compared to diesel fuel. However, NOx emission of PME
biodiesel is marginally higher than that of petroleum diesel.
• C. Syed Aalam et al.[4] studied Effects of nano metal oxide blended Mahua biodiesel
on CRDI diesel engine.they added aluminium oxide nanoparticles (ANPs) to Mahua
biodiesel blend (MME20) in different proportions to investigate the effects on a four
stroke, single cylinder, common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The ANPs
were doped in different proportions with the Mahua biodiesel blend (MME20) using an
ultrasonicator and a homogenizer with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as
the cationic surfactant. The experiments were conducted in a CRDI diesel engine at a
constant speed of 1500 rpm using different ANP-blended biodiesel fuel (MME20 +
ANP50 and MME20 + ANP100) and the results were compared with those of neat
diesel and Mahua biodiesel blend (MME20). The experimental results exposed a
substantial enhancement in the brake thermal efficiency and a marginal reduction in
the harmful pollutants (such as CO, HC and smoke) for the nanoparticles blended
biodiesel.

•V.Sajith et al.[5] studied effect of cerium oxide on fuel properties, engine

performance,emmision. . The dosing level of the cerium oxide nanoparticle samples
(by weight) in the base fuel was varied from 20 to 80 ppm. The flash point and the
viscosity of biodiesel were found to increase with the inclusion of the cerium oxide
nanoparticles. The emission levels of hydrocarbon and NOx are appreciably reduced
with the addition of cerium oxide nanoparticles.
Research Gap and Objective:

•There has been lot of research done so far on biodiesel production method, to improve
the yield and performance and emission characteristics analyses of CI engine by varying
the biodiesel proportions in diesel at different loads, speed and compression Ratios.

•Now due to the advent of nanotechnology many researchers examined its effect on the
fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristics. A lot of work is being
done using diesel as a base fuel and nanoparticle as an additive, by varying the dose level
over CI engine. But limited study has been done using cerium oxide as a nanoparticle with
diesel but no one have done research using cerium oxide nanoparticles as a
additive/catalyst with Pongamia biodiesel.

Objective:

•Blending of nanoparticles with diesel and biodiesel blend.

•Evaluation of performance parameters.
•Evaluation emission parameters.
•Comparison of performance and emission characteristics of diesel-biodiesel blends with
nanoparticle added blends and base fuel diesel.
 REFERENCES

1. Bobade S.N. and Khyade V.B.(2012). Detail study on the Properties of Pongamia
Pinnata (Karanja) for the Production of Biofuel. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences
ISSN 2231-606X Vol. 2(7), 16-20.
2. Shruthi H Heroor and S.D. Rahul Bharadwaj(2013). Production of Bio-fuel from
Pongamia and its Performance on Ci-engine. International Journal of Environmental
Engineering and Management. ISSN 2231-1319, Volume 4.
3. K. Nantha Gopal , R. Thundil Karupparaj. Ain Shams Engineering Journal (2015) 6, 297–
305
4. C. Syed Aalam , C.G. Saravanan(2015). Effects of nano metal oxide blended Mahua
biodiesel on CRDI diesel engine.

5. V. Sajith, C. B. Sobhan,and G. P. Peterson.(2010). Experimental Investigations on the

Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additives on Biodiesel