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Amin AL-Mekhlafi
The Cognitive/Developmental Perspective
Paying
Attention Practice
Automaticity
Paying attention uses some cognitive resources.
Beginners vs. Proficient language users.
Procedural
Knowledge
Information that we have Knowledge that underlies
and know we have. All fluent or automatic
learning begins with performance. Also
declarative knowledge. It referred to as 'knowledge
is sometimes referred to as how.
'knowledge that'.
Restructuring Model:
Refers to the interaction of knowledge we already have,
or on the acquisition of new knowledge (without
extensive practice) which fits into an existing system and
causes it to be restructured
Sudden bursts of progress and backsliding may not be
explainable in terms of a gradual build-up of
automaticity through practice.
They seem rather to be based on.
Connectionists argue that innate is simply the
ability to learn, not any specifically linguistic
structure.
They attribute greater importance to the role
of the environment in language learning.
They see the frequency of the input as the
principal source of linguistic knowledge.
Learners develops stronger mental
connections between language elements s/he
has learned, and the situational or linguistic
contexts in which they occur.
He says
I say
The learner will produce the
She says correct form not because
he/she knows the rule, but
because he/she has heard such
uses very often and the
presence of the subject he or
she activates the mind to call
on the correct verb form.
The Interaction Hypothesis
The Noticing Hypothesis
Input Processing
1. Researchers within this perspective
argue that conversational interaction is
an essential condition for second
language acquisition.
2. Comprehensible input is important.
3. How to make input comprehensible?
Interactional
modification
makes input Comprehensible
comprehensible. input promotes
acquisition.
Therefore
Interactional modification
promotes acquisition.
Modified interaction does not always involve
linguistic simplification. It may also include:
Elaboration
Slower speech rate
Gesture
The provision of additional contextual cues