ANATOMI OTAK DAN SARAF

KRANIALIS
SISTEM : SARAF
PEMATERI : ANATOMY
BAB (MARTINI) : 14

05 04 12 GIZI 2011/2012
Pada akhir pembelajaran, diharapkan
mahasiswa dapat mendeskripsikan:

1. Penyusun SSP & SST

2. Lokasi SSP pada kerangka
3. Struktur pelindung SSP
4. Penyusun cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon,
batang otak
5. Hemispherium cerebri, corpus callosum, cortex &
substantia alba, lobus, homunculus, sistem lymbic
6. Sirkulasi & drainase LCS (sistem ventrikel)
7. Lokasi masuk/keluarnya Nn. Craniales dari & ke
dalam SSP
Sistem saraf pusat dan tepi
Sistem saraf pusat dan tepi
Sistem saraf pusat (SSP)

OTAK & MEDULLA SPINALIS

2. SISTEM SARAF TEPI (SST)

12 NERVI CRANIALES &

31 NERVI SPINALES
Sistem saraf pusat (SSP)

OTAK & MEDULLA SPINALIS

SSP dalam rongga tubuh dorsal
1. Cranium : Calvaria & Basis cranii
Basis cranii: Fossa cranii ant., media, post.
 2. MENINGES:
DURAMATER, ARACHNOIDEAMATER, PIAMATER
 Spatium epidural,
subdural, subarachnoid

Spatium Spatium
epidural sub arachnoid
 Duramater:
falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli
Sinus sagittalis superior, s.s. inferior,
s. rectus
s. transversus, s.sigmoideus
 Arachnoidea mater, pia mater

arachnoideamater piamater
 3. OTAK:
Cerebrum, cerebellum, batang otak
Cerebrum, cerebellum, batang otak
 3.1 CEREBRUM
hemisfer dextra fissura longitudinalis-hemisfer
sinistra
Hemispherium cerebri
Corpus callosum
Corpus callosum
Sulcus, gyrus,substantia grisea, s.alba
 LOBUS:
l. frontalis-s.centralis- l.parietalis - s.parietooccipitalis-
l.occipitalis- s.lateralis (Sylvius) - l. temporalis
 LOBUS:
l. frontalis-s.centralis- l.parietalis - s.parietooccipitalis-l.occipitalis-
s.lateralis- l. temporalis

The frontal lobe is involved in

establishing priorities and planning

The temporal lobe contains a sensory

area related to hearing

The occipital lobe form visual

memories and integrate visual
perceptions with spatial information
coming from the adjacent parietal
lobes.

The parietal lobe contains an area that

processes bodily sensationsthe
somatosensory cortex
 integrates sensory and
LOBUS INSULAE autonomic information from the
viscera

plays a role in certain

language functions
when damaged can lead to
aphasia, the inability to use or
understand spoken and written
language.

processes aspects of pain and

temperature sensation and
possibly taste
 SUBSTANTIA GRISEA: KORTEKS
gyrus precentralis (area motorik primer) & gyrus post centralis
(area sensorik primer)
A homunculus is defined as any representation of a human being. The homunculus to the right (image links to source) displays the prop

Homunculus
masculine, Latin for "little human", plural: "homunculi";
from the diminutive of homo

any representation of a human being

displays the proportion of cortex dedicated to

controlling different parts of the body

Note the large size of the tongue relative to the size of

the foot.
Homunculus motorik & sensorik
 Homunculus
sensorik motorik
DECUSSATIO PYRAMIDALIS
Sistem limbic
Thalamus, hypothalamus,
hypohysis lobus posterior
hypohysis lobus posterior
(neurohypophysis)
 3.2 CEREBELLUM:
hemisfer dextra vermis - sinistra
 Cerebellum:
hemisfer dextra-vermis-h. sinistra
 3.3 BATANG OTAK :
MESENCEPHALON, PONS, MEDULLA OBLONGATA
 3.3 BATANG OTAK :
MESENCEPHALON, PONS, MEDULLA OBLONGATA
 4. SISTEM VENTRIKEL
v.lateralis (2cornu frontalis, 2cornu temporalis, 2cornu occipitalis),

1 v.tertius, 1 v. quartus
Perjalanan Liquor Cerebro Spinalis
(LCS):
ventriculus Lateralis foramen interventricularis
Monroe
ventriculus Tertius aquaducus mesencephali
ventriculus Quartus
 # foramen Magendi & Luscha
ruang sub
arachnoid

ruang
# canalis centralis
sub arachnoid

Granulationes
arachnoidea
Granulationes Arachnoidea Sinus sagittalis superior
aliran sistem sinus / perjalanan darah vena menuju jantung
 LIQUOR CEREBRO SPINALIS
tella choroidea plexus choroideus vent. Lat, Quart
 Ventrikel melebar: hydrocephalus
bendungan aliran LCS:
- o.k obstruksi saluran sistem ventrikel (dalam/luar dinding saluran)
- o.k obstruksi granulationes arachnoidea / sistem sinus

Fg14_06.jpg

Fg14_06.jpg
Review: Hydrocephalus pada anak < 18 -24 belum menutupnya fontanella
anterior & posterior
DECUSSATIO PYRAMIDALIS
VASKULARISASI
 VASKULARISASI
I. VASKULARISASI KEPALA (CRANIUM & MENINGES)

a. carotis eksterna
a. meningea media
v.v emissaria

II. VASKULARISASI SSP

a. Sistem arteri
sirkulus arteriosus Willisi
a. serebri media ramus lentikulostriata

b. Sistem vena
aliran sistem sinus
I. VASKULARISASI KEPALA (CRANIUM
& MENINGES)

a. carotis eksterna
a. meningea media
v.v emissaria
Vaskularisasi
Kepala
Sulcus a.meningea media pada facies internal calvaria
Vena emissaria
II. VASKULARISASI SSP

a. Sistem arteri
sirkulus arteriosus Willisi
a. serebri media ramus lentikulostriata

b. Sistem vena
aliran sistem sinus
a) arterial: a. vertebralis, a. carotis interna
Circulus arteriosus Willis
Circulus arteriosus Willis
b.) vena sistem sinus jantung
 ALIRAN DARAH VENA DALAM SISTEM SINUS:

Sinus sagittalis superior confluen sinuum

sinus sagittalis inferior sinus rectus confluen sinuum
sinus occipitalis confluen sinuum/ vena vertebralis
CONFLUENS SINUUM SINUS TRANSFERSUS SINUS SIGMOIDEUS
BULBUS SUPERIOR VENA JUGULARIS INTERNA
 EKSTRA CRANIUM:

VENA JUGULARIS INTERNA VENA BRACHIOCEPHALICA VENA

CAVA SUPERIOR ATRIUM KANAN
2. SISTEM SARAF TEPI (SST)

12 NERVI CRANIALES &

31 NERVI SPINALES
1. NERVI CRANIALES
N.I - OLFACTORIUS
Basis cranii: Fossa cranii ant., media, post.
N. II OPTICUS
N. III OCCULOMOTORIUS
N.IV THROCHLEARIS
N.VI - ABDUCEN
 N.V TRIGEMINALIS :
3 RAMI: OPTHALIMICUS, MAXILLARIS, MANDIBULARIS
N. VII FACIALIS 5 rami
N. VIII - VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS
N. IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS
 N.X -
VAGUS
 N. XI
ACCESSORIUS
 N. XII -
HYPOGLOSS
US
Post test:

1. Penyusun SSP & SST

2. Lokasi SSP pada kerangka
3. Struktur pelindung SSP
4. Penyusun cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon,
batang otak
5. Hemispherium cerebri, corpus callosum, cortex &
substantia alba, lobus, homunculus, sistem lymbic
6. Sirkulasi & drainase LCS (sistem ventrikel)
7. Lokasi masuk/keluarnya Nn. Craniales dari & ke
dalam SSP
Terimakasih, lanjut ke MS &
nervi spinales