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BENE 1183 Electronics Instrumentation: Name: Azdiana MD - Yusop ROOM NO.: A2/11 EXT: 2044 Webpage
BENE 1183 Electronics Instrumentation: Name: Azdiana MD - Yusop ROOM NO.: A2/11 EXT: 2044 Webpage
ELECTRONICS
INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION
TO
INSTRUMENTATION
OBJECTIVES
Absolute error, e = Yn X n
where Yn expected value
Xn
measured value
Yn X n
% error = 100
Yn
ERROR IN MEASUREMENT
Yn X n
Relative accuracy, A 1
Yn
% Accuracy, a = 100% - % error
= A 100
Xn Xn
Precision, P = 1 Xn
Solution
Example 1.7
Solution
Example 1.3
X n 101
X 1 98 ===>> 2 s.f
X 2 98.5 ===>> 3 s.f
98 101
X 1 Precision = 1 0.97
101
98.5 101
X 2 Precision = 1 0.975 ===>more precise
101
Significant Figures (cont)
Example 1.4
V1 = 6.31 V
+ V2 = 8.736 V
Therefore VT = 15.046 V
15.05 V
Significant Figures (cont)
Example 1.5
From the value given below, calculate the value for R1,
R2 and power for R1?
V1 6.31V
R1 426.35 426 ===> 3 s.f
I 0.0148 A
V2 8.736V
R2 590.27 590 ===> 3 s.f
I 0.0148 A
P1 V1 I 6.31V 0.0148 A
= 0.09339
= 0.0934 ===> 3 s.f
Significant Figures (cont)
3) When dropping non-significant figures
Primary Std
Maintained at the National Std Lab (different for every country)
Each lab has its own secondary std which are periodically checked
and certified by the National Std Lab.
For example, in Malaysia, this function is carried out by SIRIM.
Standard
Secondary Standard
Secondary standards are basic reference standards used by
measurement and calibration laboratories in industries.
Each industry has its own secondary standard.
Working Std
Used to check and calibrate lab instrument for accuracy and
performance.
For example, manufacturers of electronic components such as
capacitors, resistors and many more use a standard called a
working standard for checking the component values being
manufactured.
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
Basic elements of an electronics instrument
Signal Indicating
Transducer Modifier Device
1) Transducer
- convert a non electrical signal into an electrical signal
- e.g: a pressure sensor detect pressure and convert it to
electricity for display at a remote gauge.
2) Signal modifier
- convert input signal into a suitable signal for the indicating
device
3) Indicating device
- indicates the value of quantity being measure
INSTRUMENT APPLICATION GUIDE
Analog Multimeter
INSTRUMENT APPLICATION GUIDE
Digital Multimeter
CHAPTER REVIEW
Define the terms accuracy, error, precision, resolution, expected
value and sensitivity.
State three major categories of error.
A person using an ohmmeter reads the measured value as 470
ohm when the actual value is 47 ohm. What kind of error does
this represent?
State the classifications of standards.
What are primary standards? Where are they used?
What is the difference between secondary standards and
working standards?
State three basic elements of electronic instrument.
THE END