Knowledge sharing sessions

Overview
Used Tools
Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop Rate
Flow Chart
Exemples

BENAIAD Abdellah
 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate

This chapter is designed to provide an overview of root

cause analysis for SDCCH drop rate KPI. It addresses the
SDCCH drop rate analysis, investigation procedures and
troubleshooting techniques to degrade the effect of this
issue.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate

SDCCH is a bidirectional logical channel used in different

ways:

-Registration: periodic location update, IMSI attach/detach.

-Call setup: immediate assignment.
-SMS to/from MS in dedicated mode.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview Request and allocation of SDCCH:

Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate

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Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

MSC BSC BTS MS

Paging Paging command Paging request
PCH

Channel required Channel request

RACH
Channel Activation

Ch Activation
Acknowledge

Immediate assignment
command
Immediate assignment

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate

SDCCH Drop Rate is a KPI which largely decides the

subscriber service quality , the existing KPI formula is listed
below:
(C10602+C10604+C10605+C10646+C10653+C10601+C10603+C10606)*100

(C11644+C11646)

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10603
It represents the number of call drops due to contact loss
C10604
C10604 between RMM and Service Management Module (SMM) on
C10605
C10605 SDCCH.
C10606
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10603
C10604
C10604 It represents the number of call drops due to radio link
C10605
C10605 failure on SDCCH.
C10606
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10604 It represents the number of call drops due to LAPD link
C10605 failure on SDCCH.
C10606
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10604 It represents the number of call drops due to SDCCH
C10605 forced
C10606
release.
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603 It represents the number of call drops due to force release
C10604
C10605
from high priority calls on SDCCH. BSC receives force
C10606 release message from BTS for high priority calls and counter
C10646 increments.
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10604
C10605
It represents the number of call drops on SDCCH due to
C10606 other causes.
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10604
C10605
It represents the total number of call drops due to handover
C10606 failure on SDCCH, this counter is not allowed.
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10604
C10605
It represents the total number of SDCCH call drops (short
C10606 message).
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10604
C10605 Number of successful SDCCH assignments.
C10606
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Overview
Introduction
SDCCH
Assignment on SDCCH
SDCCH Drop Rate
C10601
C10602
C10603
C10604
C10605 Number of successful SDCCH handovers.
C10606
C10646
C10653
C11644
C11646

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Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Used Tools
Business Objects 6.5
MCOM 4.2
ZXG10 OMCR
TEMS Investigation

which can be used for accessing different performance

statistics, creating queries, setting up reports, creating
variables and using the Business Objects functions to
analyze the data in the reports.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Used Tools
Business Objects 6.5
MCOM 4.2
ZXG10 OMCR
TEMS Investigation

This tool is used to know the type of interference (Co-

channel interference or adjacent interference) between
cells; and the value of tilt, azimuth and height of the cell.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Used Tools
Business Objects 6.5
MCOM 4.2
ZXG10 OMCR
TEMS Investigation

which can be used to provide access to all the available

support activities for Operations and Maintenance in the
radio and core networks, besides, the accessibility to
Configuration Management, Fault management and
Performance management

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Used Tools
Business Objects 6.5
MCOM 4.2
ZXG10 OMCR
TEMS Investigation

Ericssons tool which is used to analyze drive tests on the

downlink level.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical Procedure Flow Chart Examples

Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop causes
SDCCH Drop Reasons
troubleshooting The following are main causes for SDCCH drop rate:

SDCCH Drops Due connection loss RMM SMM.

SDCCH Drops Due Radio Failure.
SDCCH Drops Due LAPD Failure.
SDCCH Drops Due OMC Forced release
SDCCH Drops Due Preemption.
SDCCH Drops Due Others .
SDCCH Drops Due Handover Failure.
SDCCH Drops SMS (according to the formula of SDCCH
Drop Rate).

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 Overview Used Tool Technical Procedure Flow Chart Examples

Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop causes
SDCCH Drop Reasons
troubleshooting
The following are main causes for SDCCH drop rate:

SDCCH Drops Due connection loss RMM SMM.

SDCCH Drops Due Radio Failure.
SDCCH Drops Due LAPD Failure.
SDCCH Drops Due OMC Forced release .
SDCCH Drops Due Preemption .
SDCCH Drops Due Others .
SDCCH Drops Due Handover Failure.
SDCCH Drops SMS.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical Procedure Flow Chart Examples

Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop types
SDCCH Drop Reasons The following are reasons of Radio SDCCH drop:
RADIO link loss 1. There exists weak coverage area, and radio signal is
LAPD SDDCH Drop weak too.
troubleshooting
2There exists interference, such as intra-network
interference due to unreasonable frequency planning, and
other external interference, etc.
3Unreasonable radio parameter setting
4Equipment hardware fault, such as low output power of
the power amplifier, large difference among different carrier
transmission power, carrier transmitter fault, combiner fault,
etc.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical Procedure Flow Chart Examples

Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop types
SDCCH Drop Reasons
RADIO link loss
LAPD SDDCH Drop
troubleshooting

5Antenna feeder system fault. For example,VSWR of

antenna feeder is big; antenna is too high or lower
inclination is unreasonable, which causes too big the
coverage range or cross-cell coverage, and forms the
remote isolated island effect; etc.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical Procedure Flow Chart Examples

Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop types
SDCCH Drop Reasons
RADIO link loss
LAPD SDDCH Drop
troubleshooting The following are reasons of LAPD SDCCH drop:

1Site transmission problems, such as transmission

interruption or unstable transmission .
2Site hardware fault, such as unreliable E1 cable, CMM
fault, etc.
3BSC hardware fault.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical Procedure Flow Chart Examples

Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop types
SDCCH Drop Reasons
troubleshooting SDCCH Drop rate analysis troubleshooting procedure:

1. SDCCH availability.
2. SDCCH Drop causes.
3. Basic NMS to know which TRX might be faulty.
4. Alarms.
5. BTS measurement and cell measurement.
6. Data base parameter.
7. Drive testing and site audit.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Flow Chart

It is advised to locate the problem by checking radio

parameters together with hardware troubleshooting.
The flow of handling SDCCH drop is shown below:

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 Start

SDCCH
Drop Rate
high certain
cell

yes

No Check yes
SDCCH
availability

Open TT to
yes Is there LAPD
BSS team problem?

No

Is there HW
Open TT to
yes problem
BSS team (cell/TRX/TS)
?

No

* Reset cell
 * **

yes
Is there LAPD Open TT to BSS
problem? team

No

RF problems

Whether yes Modify

radio
parameter are unreasonable
set reasonably parameters

No

Whether yes Trouble

interference shoot
exist interference

No
 ***
Whether yes
fault exist in
Trouble
coverage shoot coverage

No

Whether fault yes

exist in Troubleshoot
equipment equipment fault
HW

No

Whether yes Trouble

fault exist in
antenna shoot antenna
feeder system feeder fault

No
yes Whether the No
SDCCH Drop
Rate persist

restart the
investigation END
 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Exemples 22685A:
Hardwar Problem
by checking data base stat, we notice a high SDCCH Drop
Radio Problem
LAPD Problem Rate on the site.
Problem Description: using ZXG10 OMCR tool, the
problem is a PA power alarm (hardware problem).
Action Taken: open TT to BSS team to solve the PA power
alarm.

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Exemples 03102A:
Hardwar Problem
Problem Description: Co-channel interference on the
Radio Problem
LAPD Problem BCCH of 03102A
Action Taken: Changing the BCCH frequency from:108-->89
22685A:
Problem Description: 22685A of BSCSBA2 (BSC04) is
having PA Output Power alarm on TRX1
Action Taken: Replacing the faulty TRX

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 Overview Used Tool Technical procedure Flow Chart Examples

Exemples 03663A:
Hardwar Problem
Problem Description: Transmission disconnection problem
Radio Problem
LAPD Problem on the A-bis interface
Action Taken: Fixing the TXM problem

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 References list

Reference

[10] sjzl20062303-ZXG10-BSS (V2.97) Operation Manual

(Radio Parameters)
GBO_014_E1_0 Special Topic of Radio Network
Optimization-82
GBC_004_E1_0 Radio parameters -50
ZTE Statistics

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17/08/2017 SDCCH Drop Rate
 Appendix

DRT/EDRT
The DRT/EDRT fulfills conversion between voice codes at the GSM radio interface and the PSTN A-law PCM voice codes in the BSC, and implements rate adaptation (including data services rate
adaptation) between them.
DRT: Dual-rate transcoder, realizing the transcoding service processing. It can process 126 FRs or 32 EFRs at most.
EDRT (C62): Enhanced dual-rate transcoder, an enhanced version of the DRT board. It can process 126 FRs or 126 EFRs at most.
EDRT (C64): Enhanced dual-rate transcoder, an enhanced version of the DRT board. It can process 126 FRs, 126 EFRs or 126 HRs at most.
Functions and Principles
The board has the following functions.
Performs the transcoding and rate adaptation function: It converts the 260-bit vocoder block into one hundred and sixty 8-bit A-law PCM sample signals, and vice versa.
Performs framing and vocoder block synchronization, detect voice activation, regulate the block phase in the downlink direction to minimize delay, send alarms to BSC by passing through BTS through
in-band signaling, processes data blocks in compliance with the protocol standard rate adaptation and re-assorting them following the A interface requirements.
Provide physical-layer functions of the digital trunk interface.
Separates signals, SS7 links pass transparently, and the service channels pass through the DSP for processing.
Has the HDLC channels communicating directly with the, facilitating O & M Center.
Fig 3.18-1 shows the DRT/EDRT board organizational diagram. DRT uses eight DSPs, EDRT (C62) uses six, and EDRT (C64) uses two. In the given figure, n = 8, 6, 2 respectively.
The DRT/EDRT comprises the DSP, CPU, and switching circuits. The DSP is responsible for mass calculations, implementing the conversion between radio service channels and ground service
channels. It is the core of the DRT/EDRT board.
Fig 3.18-1 DRT/EDRT Board Organizational Diagram

HDLC

it
cu
icr
ng
hi
tic
w
S
DSPn
. . A
.. ..
CPU
DSP4
DSP3 Abis
HPI DSP 2
DSP 1

DRT/EDRT Board Fault

Fault Symptom
DSP is faulty or communication with the corresponding TCPP is disconnected.
Fault Cause Analysis
Communication between TCPP and DRT/EDRT is faulty. Hardware of the TCPP board is faulty. DSP on the DRT/EDRT board is faulty.
Troubleshooting
Perform the following steps to troubleshoot the fault:
1. Check whether the corresponding TCPP board is faulty. If it is faulty, troubleshoot the TCPP board fault first.
2. If the DSP is faulty, then go to step 6.
3. Check whether there is any clock loss alarm from this board. If there is, then reset and unplug/plug the relevant board.
4. Check whether the backplane connection cable is loose or modified.
5. Check whether the foreground and background data are consistent and whether relevant data are configured.
6. Download the DRT and EDRT versions again and reset the board.
7. Replace the DRT/EDRT board. If the fault still remains, plug the board to another slot.
Precautions
Be sure to wear an antistatic wrist strap when touching a board or component.

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 Radio parameters

Radio parameters setting

Cells minimum access level: which causes SDCCH drop in weak

coverage area.
Unreasonable BSIC setting
Unreasonable power control setting, such as unreasonable level,
quality power control threshold, which will cause MS to reduce
power even in the case of weak signal and poor call quality. ()
Unreasonable FH parameter setting: parameter setting
Unreasonable MAIO configuration will cause co-channel
interference and adjacent-channel interference within one site.
Incomplete adjacent-cell data definition or configuration error
Congestion exists in adjacent cell

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