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CAIRAN TUBUH
M.IHWAN KUSUMA
PENDAHULUAN
Cairan (air) sangat vital bagi tubuh
60% dari total massa tubuh
ektraseluler plasma +
interstisial
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) comprises 2/3 of the
body's water.
If your body has 60% water, ICF is about 40%
of your weight.
The ICF is primarily a solution of potassium
and organic anions, proteins etc.
The cell membranes and cellular metabolism
control the constituents of this ICF.
ICF is not homogeneous in your body. It
represents a conglomeration of fluids from all
the different cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) is the remaining 1/3 of your
body's water.
ECF is about 20% of your weight.
The ECF is primarily a NaCl and NaHCO3 solution.
The ECF is further subdivided into three
subcompartments:
Interstitial Fluid (ISF) surrounds the cells, but does
not circulate. It comprises about 3/4 of the ECF.
Plasma circulates as the extracellular component of
blood. It makes up about 1/4 of the ECF.
Transcellular fluid is a set of fluids that are outside of
the normal compartments. These 1-2 liters of fluid
make up the CSF, Digestive Juices, Mucus, etc.
The 60-40-20 Rule:60 % of body weight is
water
40% of body weight is intracellular fluids
40% x 70 kg = 28 L water
20% of body weight is extracellular fluid
ISF, 10 L
Plasma 4 L
Trans 1 L
PERSENTASE AIR DARI
JARINGAN TUBUH
Jaringan % Air
Ginjal 83
Jantung 79
Paru-paru 79
Otot skelet 76
Otak 75
Kulit 72
Hati 68
Tulang 22
Jaringan Lemak 10
Keseimbangan Cairan Tubuh
Intake/Asupan : 2500 ml
Bahan makanan + minum 2300 ml
Oksidasi Karbohidrat 200 ml
Output : 2500 ml
Insensible water loss 600-800 ml
- Respirasi 300-400 ml
- Evaporasi kulit 300-400 ml
Keringat 100 ml
Feses 100 ml
Ginjal (urine) 1500 ml
Komposisi Ion-ion Utama Dalam Cairan
Tubuh
Ion Plasma Interstisal Intraseluler
Natrium 142 139 14
Bikarbonat 24 28,3 10
Fosfat 2 2 11
- Glukosa
- Asam amino
Prinsip Difusi Air
Larutan
Air NaCl
Perubahan Sel Terhadap Keadaan
Larutan Ekstrasel
Hukum Starling
Edema Akibat Gangguan
Hemodinamik
Edema volume cairan pada ruang interstitial mencapai paling
kurang 2.5-3 liter
Penyebab :
Peningkatan tekanan hidrostatik kapiler filtrasi cairan
berlebihan melalui kapiler-kapiler.
Penurunan protein plasma pengurangan tekanan osmotik
koloid plasma sehingga gagal menahan cairan di dalam kapiler-
kapiler
Obstruksi limfe protein plasma berkumpul di dalam ruang
jaringan menyebabkan cairan berosmosis ke luar dari kapiler-
kapiler
Peningkatan permeabilitas kapiler memungkinkan protein dan
cairan secara berlebihan merembes ke ruang-ruang jaringan.
Beberapa Contoh Penyakit
Na+ K+
Darah 140 4 Hartmann(RL)/NaCl
0,9%/koloid/produk darah
Plasma 140 4 Hartmann(RL)/ NaCl 0,9%/ koloid