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Amblyopia
Amblyopia
Lazy Eye: a substantial reduction in vision in the
absence of any detectable optical or retinal
abnormalities.
Can exist bilaterally but is usually unilateral.
Defined as a two-line difference or more (i.e., 0.2
logMAR) on a visual acuity test.
While wearing best correction.
Amblyopia
Most common cause of monocular vision loss in
children.
Prevalence is between 0.2 and 5.5%
Approximately 5% in Newfoundland.
Types of Amblyopia
Caused by vision disorders that disrupt
normal visual experiences during the critical
period.
There are three types of amblyopia.
Classified by the cause of amblyopia
Amblyogenic factor
Types of Amblyopia
1. Strabismic Amblyopia:
caused by strabismus.
The most common form
of amblyopia.
A misalignment of the
eyes.
Esotropia: One or both
eyes are misaligned in
the inward position.
Exotropia: One or both
eye are misaligned in the
outward direction.
Types of Amblyopia
The misaligned eye receives a completely
different image.
Can lead to diplopia.
Anisometropic Amblyopia: Caused by
anisometropia.
Anisometropia: Unequal refractive error between
the eyes.
Have a strong eye and a weak eye.
Usually refers to a difference of 1.0 to 1.5 D.
Types of Amblyopia
Duration of Deprivation
The longer the deprivation, the poorer the
outcome.
When is Treatment Effective?
The last two factors are closely linked.
It appears that the duration of deprivation is the
more important of the two.
These last two factors indicate that the prompt,
early detection of amblyopia is critical as early
treatment leads to better outcomes.