Professional Documents
Culture Documents
KLINIKOPATOLOGI PADA
PENUAAN
Prof.BARMAWI
Depart.of Internal Med.
Fac.of Med.UII
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WHO:
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THE AGEING PROCESS -
main characteristics from the medical point
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THEORIES OF AGEING 1
I. Stochastic theories consider ageing as a tear and
wear process/proses pak.sobek at molecular, subcellular,
cellular and organ level - what are the damaging agents?
Somatic/jasad mutation theory and failure of DNA
repair theory
- genes included in proteosynthesis overall deterioration of
the precision of protein synthesis
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THEORIES OF AGEING 2
II. Genetic or pacemaker theories
(ageing is a continuation of the develop
ment/pr tumbhan and maturation). Ageing
might be programmed by a genetic clock
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THEORIES OF AGEING 3
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A number of studies have found that niacin/vit
B3/nicotinamide plays important roles in DNA
repair, myelination and dendritic growth,
cellular calcium signalling and as a potent
antioxidant in brain mitochondria.
Difficulty
Malnutrition
shopping Physical
Weakness Environment
(multi-story
house)
Immobility
Difficulty Loss of ability to
Knee
arthritis Pain walking live
independently
Apathy
Social Social
Isolation Environment
Depression (loss of
spouse/suami.ist)
DISEASE PROCESS
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DISEASE RELATED AGING PROCESS
ANEMIA
NUTRITION ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES
BODY FLUID DISTURBANCES
OBESE
ENDOCRINE/METABOLISM GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE/DM
HYPO/HYPER THYROID
POLIMYALGIA/ARTHRALGIA
MUSCULOSCELETAL SYSTEM OSTEOARTRITIS
OSTEOPOROSIS
DEMENTIA
NERVOUS SYSTEM PARKINSON DISEASE
STROKE
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Normal Aging vs. Disease
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Normal Aging vs. Disease
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AGE-RELATED DISEASES
Many of the changes
AGED of senescent/pros
pnuaan are consistent
with those seen in
MALNUTRITION human with:
DIABETES MELLITUS
DISLIPIDEMIA
HYPERTENSION
NUTRICIENT
ARTHERIOSCLEROSIS
DEFICIENCY
COGNITIVE VALSCULAR
IMPAIRMENT DEMENTIA
MICRONUTRIENTS DEF.
ALZHEIMERS
DISEASE
(Marfella, et al., The Journals of Gerontology; 2008) 14
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CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION
with AGING
14%
30%
6%
53%
19% 61%
5%
12%
SOLID CELLS
BONE MINERAL
FAT
H2O (Merriman, 1989) 15
FALLS
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Hip Fracture Prevention: Falling
How do Younger Adults Fall?
Brisk..cepat
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Hip Fracture Prevention: Falling
How do Older Adults Fall?
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Faktor yang menyebabkan
takut jatuh
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Subcapital femoral neck fracture
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Serious head injuries sometimes denote/mrpakan
geriatric abuse/siksaan.
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Modifiable factors
VARIABEL INTERVENSI
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Epidemiologi DE
Prevalensi di Jakarta (periksa ke 20 dokter dan 20
pengobatan traditional; 1993; Wibowo et al)
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Epidemiologi & Faktor Risiko Kematian Pneumonia
227
Pneumonia di RSUPNCM/cipto Jakarta
1995 54 kasus pneumonia usila
Meninggal 38 %.
1997 97 kasus pneumonia usila = 16,4 %
dari seluruh kasus usila
Meninggal 32,9 %.
228
Faktor predisposisi Pneumonia Usila
229
Aspirasi pada Usila
331
Malnutrisi pada Usila
sebab :
menurunnya daya sensoris rasa
pengecapan
berkurangnya ensim2 pencerna
obat2 (reserpin, digoksin, anti tumor)
penyakit kronis
depresi
sosial ekonomi rendah.
333
Etiologi Pneumonia Usila
334
Gambaran Klinis Pneumonia Usila
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Gejala awal Pneumonia Usila
336
DIAGNOSIS PNEUMONIA USILA
Kriteria mayor :
batuk-batuk, sputum produktif, demam
( > 37,8 oC )....usila/dewasa Xray
Kriteria minor :
sesak nafas, nyeri dada, tanda konsolidasi
paru, lekositosis ( > 12.000 /ml ).
Diagnosis :
1 kriteria mayor + 2 kriteria minor
337
Foto Ro dada gold standard
diperlukan untuk memastikan diagnosis
terutama bila gejala paru tidak terlihat.
Positif palsu jarang.
Neg.palsu sering : dehidrasi, netropenia.
Gambaran klinik
Pneumonia usila atipik
Suportif :
O2
Hidrasi yang cukup
Nutrisi adekuat
Fisioterapi (pernafasan)
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TERAPI A.B. PNEUMONIA USILA
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INKONTINENSIA URIN
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Inkontinensia Urin ?
NGOMPOL
Setiati, 2002; Hunskaar et al, 1998.
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SEMUA DYSFUNGSI
ginjal
Otot detrusor
ureter
Kandung kencing
uretra
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Penyebab
AKUT
Biasanya dapat diatasi sembuh
KRONIK
Tak dapat hilang 100%
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Penyebab Akut
D-delirium
R-restriksi mobilitas (gangguan bergerak: Rematik, patah tulang,
stroke, Parkinson, dll)
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PENCEGAHAN (PREVENSI)
PRIMER
punya risiko utk sakit, misal imunisasi
SEKUNDER
deteksi dini & terapi yang sesuai, misal hipertensi
TERSIER
memperlambat jalan penyakit agar tidak timbul hendaya/ disability
4 PRINSIP
1. BERIKAN PERASAAN ENAK BAGI SI-SAKIT
2. MAKAN-MINUM YANG TEPAT
3. KEBERSIHAN
4. BIARKAN ISTIRAHAT
PENOLONG
DISIPLIN, SABAR, SIMPATIK, PENYAYANG, SOPAN
CATAT: MASALAH & TANDA VITAL, HUBUNGI DOKTER
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MENGATASI PROBLEMA & PENYAKIT
PADA PASIEN LANSIA
PENDEKATAN
HOLISTIK INTERDISIPLIN (TERPADU)
PATOFISOLOGI
OBAT TEPAT (PRIORITAS, INTERAKSI EFEK SAMPING, LAMA, HARGA),
NUTRISI
SOSIO-RELIGIO-PSIKOLOGIS
THE END
PEMBEKALAN BAGI PENDAMPING 51
SELAMAT MENGENAL LANSIA
SEUTUHNYA
TERIMA KASIH
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