Tutor: Glenda Ogsimer Tagorda, M.D.

, FPCP

Group 1
 Cough is an explosive
expiration that provides a
normal protective mechanism
for clearing the
tracheobronchial tree of
secretions and foreign
material.
mobile tube 5 inches (13 cms) long & 1 inch
(2.5 cms) in diameter
it has a fibroelastic wall embedded with a
series of hyaline cartilage -> keeps the lumen
patent
posterior free ends -> trachealis muscle
commences the neck below the cricoid cartilage
of the larynx at the level of 6th cervical vertebra
ends below the thorax at the level ->sternal
angle by dividing into right and left principal
bronchi
 Left Brionhiocephalic Origins of the
vein bronchiocephalic

Left common
Thymus
carotid arteries

Anteriorly Arch of
Sternum
the aorta
Esophagus
Left
recurrent
Laryngeal
nerve

Posteriorly
 Azygos
vein

Right
vagus

Pluera

Right side
 Left Side

Left Left
Arch of Subclavian
common Left vagus phrenic Pleura
the aorta arteries
carotid nerves
Nerve supply
- Branches of the vagus
- Recurrent laryngeal nerves & from the
sympathetic trunks

Distributed to the trachealis muscle and to the

mucous membrane lining the trachea.
 Right principal bronchus - wider, shorter, and
more vertical than the left.
Before entering the hilum of the right lung, the
principal bronchus gives off the
superior lobar bronchus.
On entering the hilum, it divides into a middle
and an inferior lobar bronchus.
 The left principal bronchus is narrower, longer
and more horizontal than the right.
It passes to the left below the arch of the aorta
and in front of the esophagus.
On entering the hilum of the left lung, the
principal bronchus divides into a
superior and inferior lobar bronchus.