Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dynamics - Chapter 19
Dynamics - Chapter 19
Edition
19 DYNAMICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Mechanical Vibrations
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
v0
C1
n
C 2 x0
Displacement is equivalent to the x component of the sum of two vectors C1 C 2
which rotate with constant angular velocity n .
2K l
n 2
g
P k1 k2 vm x m n
P 0.040 m 14.14 rad s vm 0.566 m s
k k1 k2
10 kN m 10 N m 4 am x m an2
0.040 m 14.14 rad s 2 am 8.00 m s 2
k 2400N/m
n 6.93 rad s
m 20 kg
2
n n 0.907 s
n
vm x m n
P k1 k2 0.040 m 6.93 rad s vm 0.277 m s
P
k k1 k2 am x m an2
10 kN m 104 N m 0.040 m 6.93 rad s 2 am 1.920 m s 2
0.138
1.13 2 K 4.27 lb ft rad
K
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 16
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 19.3
With natural frequency and spring constant known,
calculate the moment of inertia for the gear.
I
1.93 2 I 0.403 lb ft s2
4.27
m 90 1.571 rad
2 2
m m 1.571 rad
K 2 I
n 1.93 s
n n 2
I n K
m 5.11rad s
K 4.27 lb ft rad
T2 12 mvm2 12 I m
2 V2 0
12 mbm 12
2
23 mb2 m2
12 53 mb2 m2
T1 V1 T2 V2
0 12 Wb m2 12 53 mb2 m2 n2 0 n 3g 5b
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 18
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 19.4
SOLUTION:
Apply the principle of conservation of
energy between the positions of maximum
and minimum potential energy.
Solve the energy equation for the natural
frequency of the oscillations.
T1 0 V1 Wh W R r 1 cos
W R r m2 2
T2 12 mvm2 12 I m
2 V2 0
2
1 m R r 2 R r 2
12 12 mr m
2
m
2 r
34 m R r 2m2
T1 V1 T2 V2
m2
0 W R r 34 m R r 2m2 0
2
m2
mg R r 34 m R r 2 m n 2m
2
2 g 2 3 Rr
n2 n 2
3 Rr n 2 g
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 21
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Forced Vibrations
F ma :
Pm sin f t W k st x mx
W k st x m sin f t mx
mx kx Pm sin f t mx kx k m sin f t
mx kx Pm sin f t
mx kx k m sin f t
At f = n, forcing input is in
resonance with the system.
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 23
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 19.5
SOLUTION:
The resonant frequency is equal to the
natural frequency of the system.
Evaluate the magnitude of the periodic
force due to the motor unbalance.
Determine the vibration amplitude
from the frequency ratio at 1200 rpm.
350
m 10.87 lb s2 ft
32.2
k 4750 3000 lb in
36,000 lb ft
W = 350 lb
k = 4(350 lb/in)
k 36,000
n
m 10.87
57.5 rad/s 549 rpm
W = 350 lb Pm man mr 2
k = 4(350 lb/in) 0.001941 12
6 125.7 2 15.33 lb
n 57.5 rad/s
Pm k 15.33 3000
xm
1 f n 2 1 125.7 57.52
0.001352 in
xm xm 1
magnification
Pm k
1 f n
2 2
2c cc f n 2 factor
2c cc f n
tan phase difference between forcing and steady
1 f n 2
state response
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 - 29
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Electrical Analogues
Consider an electrical circuit consisting of an inductor,
resistor and capacitor with a source of alternating voltage
di q
Em sin f t L Ri 0
dt C
1
Lq Rq q Em sin f t
C
Oscillations of the electrical system are analogous to
damped forced vibrations of a mechanical system.
m2 x2 c2 x2 x1 k 2 x2 x1 Pm sin f t
For the electrical system,
q q q
L1q1 R1 q1 q 2 1 1 2 0
C1 C2
q2 q1
L2 q2 R2 q 2 q1 Em sin f t
C2
The governing equations are equivalent. The characteristics
of the vibrations of the mechanical system may be inferred
from the oscillations of the electrical system.