Sound in Film

The two main types of sound in TV Drama is

Diegetic sound
Non-diegetic sound
Diegetic sound is the expectation of the sound being believable and
matching the scene. I.e., if a group of actors are on a beach, sounds of
the sea and waves crashing are diegetic sounds
Non-Diegetic sounds are sound effects that wouldnt be reality. For
example, in Jaws, the sound of the shark coming up towards the victim,
the music goes intense and grows louder, and that is a non-diegetic
sound.
Fidelity
Fidelity is the matter of expectation. For example, if we were to see a
man with a gun, we would expect it to end up violent, loud and
perhaps to see blood. If this takes place, high fidelity is shown. If
instead this doesnt take place and its something the audience do not
expect, such as water squirting out of the gun, there is low fidelity. An
exact example of this is in a scene in 22 Jump Street.
Contrapuntal and parallel
Contrapuntal is what the audience wouldnt associate with what they
see on screen. For example, if a violent scene were to take place, joyful
and positive music wouldnt fit or feel right, thus making the audience
unsettled or feel uncomfortable. Parallel is music matching the scene,
therefore if there was a violent scene, tense and horrific music
matches.
Rhythm
Rhythm editing describes an assembling of shots and/or sequences
according to a rhythmic pattern of some kind, usually dictated by
music. In Jaws, as the shark gradually rises to the surface, the tempo
and music becomes more tense, stronger and louder to convey that the
attack is about to happen.
Another example is keeping the pace steady, to hold and capture the
audience's attention.
Volume
The change of volume can impact the scene, as the change impacts the
whole feeling of the scene. For example, if a scene starts off quite quiet
and calm, the sudden change of volume to become louder will highly
impact the scene. An example of this is from the movie Psycho in 1960.
The scene is quiet and as the volume becomes loud, its symbolizing
the shock and violence that has just taken place in the scene.
Time
Synchronous sounds
The matching of sound with images creates synchronous sounds. The
characters move at the same time when we hear the appropriate
words. An example is in the film Good Will Hunting in 1997.
Asynchronous sounds
Asynchronous sounds is when it does not match. For example, in the
movie The 39 Steps-1935, when a woman discovers a dead body,
instead of hearing her scream, we hear the high pitched sound of a
train.