Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SAMPLE
POPULATION
SAMPLE
POPULATION
Coin 1 Coin 2
Head Head
Tail Head
Head Tail
Tail Tail
= {HH, TH, HT, TT}
Exercise 2:
2. Suppose a pair of dice is tossed . What is the sample
space for this experiment?
= {1-1,1-2,1-3,1-4,1-5,1-6,
2-1,2-2,2-3,2-4,2-5,2-6,
3-1,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,
4-1,4-2,4-3,4-4,4-5,4-6,
5-1,5-2,5-3,5-4,5-5,5-6,
6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4,6-5,6-6}
Exercise 3:
3. A sociologist wants to determine the gender of
the first two children of families with at least two
(2) children in a baranggay in Dasmarinas,
Cavite. He then observes and records the gender
of the first 2 children of these families.
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, }
Exercise 5:
5. Suppose GMA Foundation wanted to know the
effectiveness of their feeding program in a
particular baranggay in Dasmarinas. The
coordinator records the change in the childrens
weight to height ratio (BMI). What is the sample
space for this random experiment?
= {y / y 0 }
where, y = the change in a childs BMI, assuming it
is not possible for a child to have a decrease in BMI while
enrolled in the feeding program.
Types of Sample Spaces:
1. FINITE SAMPLE SPACE
Is a sample space with finite number of possible
outcomes (sample points).
Exercises 1 to 3 are examples of finite sample spaces.
2. INFINITE SAMPLE SPACE
Is a sample with infinite number of possible outcomes.
Exercise 4 is an example of a countable infinite
sample space.
Exercise 5 is an example of a uncountable infinite
sample space.
Natures of Sample Spaces
1. DISCRETE SAMPLE SPACE
Is a sample space with a countable (finite or
infinite) number of possible outcomes.
Examples are Exercises 1 to 4
A = {1-1,1-3,1-5,2-2,2-4,2-6,3-1,3-3,3-5,4-2,
4-4,4-6,5-1,5-3,5-5,6-2,6-4,6-6}
B = {1-2,1-4,1-6,2-1,2-3,2-5,3-2,3-4,3-6,4-1,
4-3,4-5,5-2,5-4,5-6,6-1,6-3,6-5}
Types of Events
1. ELEMENTARY EVENT
An event consisting of ONE possible outcome.
Example is the elementary events of
= {Head, Tail}
A = {Head} and B = {Tail}
= {Pass, Fail}
C = {Pass} and D = {Fail}
Types of Events
2. IMPOSSIBLE EVENT
An event consisting of NO outcome.
Given the sample space of all possible products
that can be purchased from a shoe store.
= {Sandals, Slippers, Pumps, Moccasins, Rubber
Shoes, Bags, Belts, Accessories}
Let A be the event that one can buy a chain saw
in a shoe store. Thus A = { } or (null)
Types of Events
3. SURE EVENT
An event consisting of ALL the possible outcomes.
Given the Tossing of a Die experiment.
Let K be the event that a number less than or equal
to 6 will occur if a die is thrown.
Types of Events
4. COMPLEMENT EVENT
Is the set of all elements of the sample space
which are not in the event, A.
Denoted by Ac or A'
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
If A = {2, 4, 6}, the event that an even number
will come up,
Then Ac = {1, 3, 5}
Operations On Events
1. INTERSECTION of 2 events A and B, denoted by
AB, is the event containing all elements that are
common to events A and B.
Example:
= {a, b, c, d, e, f}
A = {a, b, c, d}
B = {c, d, e, f}
A B = {c, d}
A = {a, b, c, d}
Definition:
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS
Two events are mutually exclusive if they
cannot both occur simultaneously.
That is, AB = { } or
Example Let C = {1, 2, 3} and D = {a, b, c}
Then CD = { }
Operations On Events
2. UNION of 2 events A and B, denoted by
AB, is the set containing all elements that
belong to A or to B or both.
Example:
E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
F = {2, 5, 6, 7, 8}
E F = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Operations On Events
3. Other Operations.
A=
A A' =
' =
(A')' = A
A=A
A A' =
' =