SENTENCE PATTERNS AND TYPES

In this course you will do writing at:

 Sentence level
 Paragraph level

 Essay level
1. What is a sentence?
2. What are sentence patterns?
3. What is a phrase?
4. What is a clause?
5. What are sentence types?
 WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

A group of words that:

 expresses a complete thought.

e.g. Imran runs. 

While you were in town. X

 It has at least a subject and a verb.

 A sentence is a group of words that
contains at least a subject and a
predicate.
 The subject is usually a noun, pronoun or
noun phrase which clarifies what or whom
the speaker is talking about.
 The predicate explains what is said or
asked about the subject. It usually comes
after the subject and includes at least a
single subject. The subject and predicate
can be single words or group of words.
 Subject Predicate
My father (noun) drinks. (verb)

They (pronoun) enjoy playing

badminton. (group of
words)

His own business is progressing well

(noun phrase) until now.
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 The Predicate
The predicate is classified into a few
components:
Verbs – describe a state of being, an
action or an occurrence
Objects – refer to nouns, pronouns or noun
phrases
Complements – refer to adjectives and
nouns, pronouns or noun phrases
Expansions – single words or group of
words to make complete sentences longer
 Basic Sentence Patterns
 Subjects and verbs should agree in
number.
 Examples:
Subject (S), Verb (V)

 Ain
reads.
S V (predicate)
 Subject (S), Verb (V)

The students jog.

S V (predicate)
 Subject (S), Verb (V), Object (O)

Ain reads journals.

S V O
~~~~~~~~~~
(predicate)
 Subject (S), Verb (V), Complement
(C)

Ain reads an interesting topic.

S V C
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(predicate)
 Subject (S), Verb (V), Expansion (E)

Ain reads during leisure time.

S V E
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(predicate)
 What is a phrase?
 a logical grouping of words

 e.g. the blue wall 

blue wall 
the blue X
 What is a clause
 A group of words containing at least a subject
and a verb
 Two types of clauses:

1. Dependent:  cannot stand on its own

 does not express a complete
thought
e.g. While I was in town
2. Independent :  can stand on its own
 expresses a complete thought

e.g. My friend came to visit.

Therefore: independent clause = sentence

 Types of Sentences
 Simple
 Compound
 Complex