1) Apoorva Kumari

2) Kunj Bihari
3) Babloo Kumar
Preposition

Interjection

Conjunction

A preposition is a word that relates a noun or pronoun
to another word in a sentence.

A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns,

or phrases to other words within a sentence.
Prepositions are usually short words, and they are
normally placed directly in front of nouns. In some
cases, youll find prepositions in front of gerund verbs.
 The first rule is that certain propositions must be used
to make the relationships between words in a sentence
clear. Most prepositions are interchangeable but only
to a certain extent.

The second rule for using prepositions is that these

words must be followed by nouns.
There are three types of prepositions.
1) Time prepositions are those such as before, after,
during, and until;

2) Place prepositions are those indicating position, such

as around, between, and against; and

3) Direction prepositions are those indicative of

direction, such as across, up, and down. Each type of
preposition is important.
 I prefer to read in the library.
He climbed up the ladder to get into the attic.
Please sign your name on the dotted
line after you read the contract.
Go down the stairs and through the door.
He swam across the pool.
Take your brother with you.
 An interjection is used to show your feelings and emotions. These are the
phrases or words that can be used to express exclamation, surprise, command
and attention.
It has no grammatical relationships with any other word or sentence.
Interjection never plays any role of subject and object. It doesnt modify
the sentences. Interjection words are Wow! Hey! Well! Etc.

Note: Most of the time in sentences we use Interjection symbol [!] , it is also
called exclamation sign.

For Example

Well! I need a laptop to do this project.

Wow! What a beautiful panting.
Hurrah! Our team has won the series.
What! Have you lost all your money?
 There are basically 6 kinds of interjections that are listed
below.

1) Express joy:- When you want to express your feelings of happiness

then you use these Interjection words like Hurrah! Ha! Ha! Wow!

For example
Ha! Today I am very happy.
Wow! It is a beautiful place to stay.

2) Express sorrow:- When you want to express your feelings of

sadness then you use these Interjection words like Ah! Ah me!
Alas!

For example
Ah! I have lost my sisters bag.
Alas! She has failed in the exam.
3) Express Surprise:-When you want to express your feelings of being
surprised then you use these Interjection words like Oh! What! Well !

For example
What! Is it true that you are leaving this school?
Oh! Really you killed a snake, I cant believe this.

4) Express Approval:- When you want to express your feelings of

approval for any task then you use these Interjection words like well
done! O.K!

For example
Well done! You performed you best.
Bravo! The trophy is yours.
5) Express Calling:-When you call someone for any reason
then you use these Interjection words like Halloo! Ho!
For example
Hello! Why are you looking here?
Hello! Mark, please come with me.

6) Express Attention:-When you order anyone to be in

attention then you use these Interjection words like Listen!
Look! Behold! Hush.

For example:
Listen! To me, you cannot do this at all.

Behold! The bride comes.

 While using interjections, we must keep in mind some very simple rules. They are as
follows-
1) We just add an interjection as an extra factor of strength to a sentence, without making
any grammatical changes. This is to ensure that the latter can stand grammatically correct
on its own, even if the added interjection is removed.

2)Interjections do not always have to be at the beginning of a sentence. They can appear in
the middle, at the end, or anyplace else where the subject wants to interject a feeling and
emotion.

3)In some cases, an interjection can be followed by a comma instead of the exclamation
mark. This usually happens when the emotion to be expressed by the interjection is milder
in nature.

4)In some cases, an interjection can be followed by a question mark instead of the
exclamation mark. This happens when the interjection is added to an interrogative
sentence which presents a question or expects a response.

5)Interjections can find their way into fictional or artistic writing, most often in the form of
dialogue
 The conjunction is the part of speech used as a joiner for
words, phrases, or clauses in a particular sentence. It links
these words or groups of words together, in such a way that
certain relationships among these different parts of the
sentence will be established, and the thoughts that all of
these convey will be connected.
 In the English language, conjunctions come in three basic types:
the coordinating conjunctions, the subordinating conjunctions,
and the correlative conjunctions.

1) Coordinating Conjunction :-Among the three types of conjunctions, this is

probably words, phrases, and clauses together, which are usually
grammatically equal. Aside from that, this type of conjunctions is placed in
between the words or groups of words that it links together, and not at the
beginning or at the end.

Examples:
1. Pizza and burgers are my favourite snacks.

2.The treasure was hidden in the cave or in the underground lagoon.

 2) Subordinating Conjunction :-This type of conjunctions

is used in linking two clauses together. Aside from the fact
that they introduce a dependent clause, subordinating
conjunctions also describe the relationship between the
dependent clause and the independent clause in the
sentence.

For example:
As Mohan got less marks in the Physics, he got his overall
percentage down.
He started writing as soon as he got the exam paper.
I started sneezing whenever I opens the window of my home.
 3. Correlative Conjunction :-The correlative
conjunctions are simply pairs of conjunctions
which are used to join equal sentence elements
together.

For Example:
She is both rich and
Either I will go to school or stay home and read.
I am neither rich nor
He is not only poor, but also
 Rule :-1)
Not only ..but also , Either ..or , Neither ..nor these are co-relative
conjunctions or termed as co-relatives . Its special features is to join two
subjects or two objects or two verbs.
Examples a) Not only Deepak but also Moti can do it
[ Deepak & Moti both are Subject ] b) I like not only Deepak but also Moti
[ Deepak & Moti both are Object ] c) He will not only go but also stay there
[ Go & Stay both are Verbs ]

Rule :2
After Although or Though Yet comes at the end. But in exams they
use but , or , else , and etc. , so be aware in such cases. You can
also use comma in place of Yet to make the sentence correct.
Examples a) Although he is rich but/and he is dishonest
(Incorrect)
b) Although he is rich , he is dishonest (Correct)

 Rule 3
Both must be followed by and not as well as or else. So in exams be
aware of this facts
Examples a) Both Ram as well as Shyam may come today (Incorrect)
b) Both Ram and Shyam may come today (Correct)
Rule 4
Whether must be followed by or. Most of the time in exams they use
that or if in place of or . so be aware of this facts
Examples a) I dont know that he will come or not (Incorrect)
b) I dont know whether he will come or not (Correct)
Rule 5
So.as / As..as is used in Positive degree to compare between two
persons or two things.
Point 1 So..as is used in Negative sentence
Point 2 As..as is used in both Positive and Negative sentence
Examples a) Ram is not so good as you (Negative Sentence)
b) Ram is as good as you (Affirmative sentence)
c) Ram is not as good as you (Negative sentence)

 Rule 6
Hardly/Scarcely must be followed by when. But in exams they use
That / then / than so always keep in mind Hardly/Scarcely must be
followed by only when
Examples a) Hardly had he gone out of the office that the telephone
bell rang (Incorrect)
b) Hardly had he gone out of the office when the telephone bell rang
(Correct)
Rule 7
Rather or Other must be followed by than but in exams they use
but in place of than . So be aware of this
Examples a) I have no other object but to get a job (Incorrect)
b) I have no other object than to get a job (Correct)
Rule 8
Not / Never must be followed by or
Examples a) I have not met him or invited him. (Correct)
b) I have never spoken to him or written to him. (Correct)
Rule 9
Conjunction Lest must be followed by an Auxiliary Verb should .
but in exams they uses may/will , etc. so be aware of this facts
Examples a) Work hard , lest you may fail (Incorrect)
b) Work hard , lest you should fail (Correct)

 Rule 10
The same must be followed by a Relative Pronoun that or as
Point 1 After The same, That must be used when Verb is clear.
Examples a) This is the same book that I wanted
b) This is the same cow that was grazing in the field (was grazing
verb)
Point 2 After The Same As must be used when Verb is not clear.
Examples a) This is the same dog as mine
Rule 11
Point 1 Unless gives a sense of Condition
Point 2 Until gives a sense of Time
Examples a) Wait until I come back
b) You will not succeed unless you work hard.
Very Much !!
To all My friends