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Appendix B: Process Modeling
Appendix B: Process Modeling
Appendix B
Process Modeling
B-1
Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
B-2
DFD Symbols
B-3
DFD Symbols [cont.]
B-4
DFD Symbols [cont.]
B-5
A Data Flow Diagram (Figure 0
Mail
Customer
Diagram) of a Sales Commission
1.
Open
System
mail Sales
orders
Entered
2. sales orders
Enter sales Sales order
order data
Entered form file
sales order
data
3.
Sort
sales Sorted
order s sales
records
Sales commission
4. report Sales
Compute
sales manager
commissions
B-6
When Drawing a Context
Diagram
1. Use only a single process symbol
2. Label the process symbol to represent the
entire system
3. Do not number the single process symbol
4. Include all terminators for the system
5. Show all the data flows between the
terminators and the system
B-7
Mail A Context Diagram of a
Customer Sales Commission System
Sales
Commission
System
Sales
commission
report
Sales
Manager
B-8
Figure n Diagrams
4.1
Compute
commission
amounts
Sales
commission
report
4.2 Sales
Accumulate manager
totals
Commission
amounts
B-10
How Many Levels to Use?
B-11
Data Flow Diagramming
Guidelines
1. Label each data flow with a unique name.
2. Keep data flow names constant between levels.
3. Show proper disposition of records deleted from a data
store.
4. When documenting a computer program, do not include
reads/writes.
5. Avoid read-only processes.
6. Write-only processes are permissible when time serves as
the trigger.
B-12
Structured English
B-13
Structured English Guidelines
1) Use a verb when describing each
processing strip.
2) Supplement verb with one or more
objects when necessary.
3) Use only three constructs of
programming.
Sequence
Selection
Repetition
B-14
Structured English
Guidelines [cont.]
4) Use only data names defined in the data
dictionary.
5) Use uppercase for all data names and
computer syntax.
6) Indent to show a hierarchical structure.
B-15
Structured English
Guidelines [cont.]
7) When documentation is subdivided into
modules, use the first line of each module
for an identifying label and leave at least
one blank line in-between.
8) Restrict each module to a single entry
and exit point.
B-16
Structure English Example
START
Initialize storage
TOTAL.SALES, TOT.COM = 0
B-17
Summary
Process modeling is an important part of
system design
Various techniques exist for process
modeling
DFDs
Structured English
Manager can use Structured English and
DFDs to communicate system requirements
B-18