V.

Voloshin: Examples of Mixed

Hypergraphs
pictures speak louder than
words...
Drawing a graph G=(V,E):
V={1,2,3,4,5}
E={{1,2},{2,3},{3,4},{4,5},{5,1},{1,4},{3,5}}
1

5 2

adjacent vertices

4 3
 Coloring of G=(V,E):
V={1,2,3,4,5}
E={{1,2},{2,3},{3,4},{4,5},{5,1},{1,4},{3,5}}
1

5 2

(G)=3

4 3
 Drawing a hypergraph
H=(X,D), X={1,2,3,4},
D={{1,2,3},{2,3,4},{1,4}}={D1,D2,D3,}
2
D1

3
1

D3
4 D2
 Coloring a hypergraph:
H=(X,D), X={1,2,3,4},
D={{1,2,3},{2,3,4},{1,4}}={D1,D2,D3,}
2
D1

3
1

D3
4 (H)=2
D2
 Drawing a mixed hypergraph
H=(X,C,D):

X={1,2,3,4}, C={{1,2,4}}={C1},
D={{2,3,4},{2,4}}={D1,D2}
3

2
C1

D2
D1
1
4
Uncolorable mixed hypergraphs:
D
1 2
the smallest uncolorable mixed hypergraph
C
violated C-edge
1

D1
C1 C2
2 uncolorable mixed hypergraph H=(X,C,D)

violated D-edge
D4 D2

1 1
D3
 Coloring mixed hypergraph
H=(X,C,D): numbers = colors

Proper 2-,3-,-coloring:
1
Strict 2-coloring:
1
C1

D2 D1
1
2
Chromatic numbers:
1
C
1 C

1 3
1 1

2
2 D
D

(H)=3
(H)=2
 Uniquely colorable mixed
hypergraphs:
H2=(X,C,D)
H1=(X,,D) C
1
1
D D
2
2
D D

D
3 D 2 D C
C
1 1
R(H1)=(0,0,1)

= =3 R(H2)=(0,1,0,0,0)
==2
 Chromatic polynomial:
C C C
1 D 1 D 1 D
3 2 3 2
3 2

H H H

R (H)=(0,3,0)
3 feasible partitions 3 2! strict 2-colorings

If we have 2 colors, then the number P (H, ) of proper -colorings is:

3 2! (-1)/2! = 3 (-1)=3(2)
How to get a gap? Step 1:

Construct a can: R (H )=(0,r2,0,0)

C Feasible set S={2}

C
C D

C
How to get a gap? - Step 2:
Construct:
R (H ) = (0, r2, r3, 0,0,0)

can can Feasible set S={2,3}

can
How to get a gap? - Step 3:

Each subset = can

R (H)=(0,r2, 0,r4,0,0,0,0)

Feasible set S={2,4}

We have broken it!!!

The smallest mixed hypergraph
with a gap, H2,4 (Jiang, Mubayi,
Tuza, Voloshin, West):
D
Bi-edges

R(H2,4)=(0,4,0,1,0,0)
D
C
C S(H)={2,4}

C
The smallest 3-uniform bihypergraph
with a gap (L.Gionfriddo, V.Voloshin,
2000):

R(H)=(0,12,0,3,0,0,0), S(H)={2,4}
Planar mixed hypergraph with a
gap, H 2,4 (Kobler, Kundgen, 2001)
D

C C D

D D D

C C
D

R(H2,4)=(0,1,0,1,0,0), S(H)={2,4}
THANK YOU!