Pre Calculus

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Define a Circle and determine the standard form of equation of a
circle
Name: __________________________________
Section _____________ Date _____________

Background Information
Look around you and try to find some objects that was formed into circle. How
important is a circle in a real world? Can you imagine a scenario if circle is not
existing? How was the world could it be?
Let us explore and define a Circle.

A circle is a set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed

point. The distance is called the radius of the circle, and the fixed point
is called the center.

A circle with center (h, k) and radius r has length 𝑟 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 to
some point (x, y) on the circle where r ˃ 0.
Squaring both sides yields the center-radius form of the equation of a circle
(standard form) 𝑟 2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2

The center-radius form of the equation of a circle with center (h, k) and
radius r is (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2.
Notice that a circle is the graph of a relation that is not a function, since it does not
pass the vertical line test.
Example 1.

Find the standard form of the equation of a circle with radius 6 and center (–3, 4).
Graph the circle and give the domain and range of the relation.

Solution Substitute h = –3, k = 4, and r = 6 into the equation of a circle.

1
 Equation of a Circle with Center at the Origin

A circle with center (0,0) and radius r has equation

𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟 2
General Form of the Equation of a Circle

For real numbers c, d, and e, the equation

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑒 = 0
can have a graph that is a circle, a point, or is empty.

Finding the Center and Radius of a Circle

Example 1.
Find the center and radius of the circle with equation

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25 = 0
Solution Our goal is to obtain an equivalent equation of the form
𝑟 2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 = −25

(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9) + (𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25) = −25 + 9 + 25

(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 9

(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 32

The circle has center (3, –5) with radius 3.

Example 2.
Find the radius and the center given the equation x2 – 4x + y2 – 4y – 8 = 0
Solution:
x2 – 4x + y2 – 4y – 8 = 0
(x2 – 4x) + (y2 – 4y) = 8
(x2 – 4x + 4) + (y2 – 4y+ 4) = 8+4+4
(x – 2) 2 + (y – 2) 2 = 16 or 42
C(2, 2) r = 4

Learning Competency with code:

Define a circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia2)

Determine the standard form of equation of a circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia3)

2
Practice A
Find the standard equation of the circle given the following.
1. C(0,0), r = 1
2. C(-3, 2), r = 2
3. C( -2, -1), r = 4
4. C(3,1), r = 5
5. C( 4, -5), r = 3
Practice B
Find the general equation of the circle on Practice A.
1. C(0,0), r = 1
2. C(-3, 2), r = 2
3. C( -2, -1), r = 4
4. C(3,1), r = 5
5. C( 4, -5), r = 3
Practice C
Find the center and radius given the equation of the circle.
1. x2 + y2 – 6x = 7
2. x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y = 20
3. x2 + y2 – 4x - 10y = 20
4. x2 + y2 – 6x + 9y = 1
5. 16x2 + 16y2 + 96x – 48y = 320
Practice D
Complete the given table

General Form Standard Form Center r

1. x2 + y2 – 4x + 3 = 0

2. x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y + 6 = 0

3. x2 +y2 +4x +4y -1 = 0

543
4. x2 + y2 + 6x + 10y + 16 = 0

2 887
5. x2 + y2 - x – y – =0
3 36

Refection
What have you learned from this activity?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

3
References
“Conic Sections”. Accessed on July 17, 2020. https://slideplayer.com/slide/13049048/

“Function and Relations”. Accessed on July 17, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/csn-

precalculus/chapter/circles/?fbclid=IwAR0CTREdhuOdnb7NUmvyLzo9LIeSHwJe_EIfcwoMt_PPHYVL
F2g2x5IBKcw

Answer Key
Practice A

Find the standard equation of the circle given the following.

1. C(0,0), r = 1 x2 + y2 = 1
2. C(-3, 2), r = 2 (x+3)2 + (y-2)2 = 4
3. C( -2, -1), r = 4 (x+2)2 + (y+1)2 = 16
4. C(3,1), r = 5 (x-3)2 + (y-1)2 = 25
5. C( 4, -5), r = 3 (x-4)2 + (y+5)2 = 9
Practice B
Find the general equation of the circle (Practice A).
1. C(0,0), r = 1 x2 + y2 – 1 = 0
2. C(-3, 2), r = 2 x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y + 9 = 0
3. C( -2, -1), r = 4 x2+y2 +4x + 2y – 11 = 0
4. C(3,1), r = 5 x2 + y2 -6x -2y -15 = 0
5. C( 4, -5), r = 3 x2 +y2 -8x + 10y + 32 = 0

Practice C
Find the center and radius given the equation of the circle.
1. x2 + y2 – 6x = 7 C (3,0), r=4
2. x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y = 20 C (2,-1), r=5
3. x2 + y2 – 4x - 10y = 20 C (2,5), r = 7
9 11
4. x2 + y2 – 6x + 9y = 1 C (3, - ), r =
2 2
3 5√5
5. 16x2 + 16y2 + 96x – 48y = 320 C (-3, ), r=
2 2

Practice D

Complete the given table

General Form Standard Form Center r

1. x2 + y2 – 4x + 3 = 0 (x-2)2 + y2 = 1 (2,0) 1

2. x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 (x+1)2 + (y-3)2 = 4 (-1, 3) 2

3. x2 +y2 -4x +4y -1 = 0 (x-2)2 + (y+2)2 = 9 (2, -2) 3

4. x2 + y2 + 6x + 10y +
543
=0 (x+3)2 +(y+5)2 =
1 (-3, -5) 1
16 16
4
5.
2
x2 + y2 - x – y –
887
=0
1 1
(x- )2 + (y – )2 = 25
1 1
( , ) 5
3 36 3 2 3 2

Prepared:

JOSEL L. DIZON
SHS T-III