Introduction

to
Conic Sections
 Conic Sections
A conic section
(or simply conic) is
a curve obtained as
the intersection of
the surface of a
cone with a plane.
 4 Conic Sections

CIRCLE ELLIPSE PARABOLA HYPERBOLA

How do Conic Sections formed?
Conic Sections in Cartesian Plane
 Circles
The set of all
points that are
the same
distance from
the center.
 Ellipse
The set of all
points in a
plane such that
the sum of their
distances fixed
points is a
constant.
 Parabola
A parabola is the
set of all points
whose distance
from a fixed point,
called the focus,
is equal to the
distance from a
fixed line, called
the directrix.
 Hyperbola
A hyperbola is the set
of all points in a
plane, the difference
of whose distances
from two fixed points
(the foci) in the
plane is a positive
constant.
 E ccentricity

how much a conic

section varies from
being circular.

e>1
E ccentricity
C 0
E 0<e<1
P 1
e1
H e>1
 Circles
The set of all
points that are
the same
distance from
the center.
 Equations of Circle
1. STANDARD FORM

2. GENERAL FORM
Equations of Circles
 Example #1
Find the Radius and Center of the Equation:

x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Combine like terms.

x +4x
2
+ y -10y = -13
2
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Combine like terms.

x +4x
2
+ y -10y = -13
2

x2+4x + y2-10y +13-13 = 0-13

x +y +4x-10y + 0 = -13
2 2
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Completing the square.

x + 4x
2
+ y - 10y = -13
2

x +4x+? + y -10y+? = -13

2 2
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Completing the square.

x + 4x +? + y -10y +? = -13
2 2

÷2=(2)2=4

x2+ 4x+ 4
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Completing the square.

x + 4x +? + y -10y +? = -13
2 2

÷2=(2)2=4 ÷2=(-5)2=25

x2+ 4x+ 4 + y2-10y+25

 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Completing the square.

x + 4x+ 4 + y -10y+ 25 = -13

2 2
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Completing the square.

x + 4x+ 4 + y -10y+ 25 = -13

2 2

x2+ 4x+ 4 + y2 -10y+ 25 =-13+ 4+25

 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

• Perfect square
x2+4x+4 + y2 -10y+25 = -13+4+25

SF: (x + 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 16

(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
C (-2 , 5)
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

C (-2 , 5)
(x + 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 16
x+2=0 y-5=0
x+2-2=0-2 y-5+5=0+5
x=-2=h y=5=k
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
(x + 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 16

C(-2 , +5)
r=?
 x +y +4x-10y+13=0
2 2

(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
(x + 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 16
r2 = 16
=
r = 4
x2+y2+4x-10y+13=0

C( )
C( )
Find the equation which contains (-4, -3) and
the Center lies at (4,2)

C (h, k) = C (4,2)
Find the equation which contains (-4, -3) and
the Center lies at (4,2)

C (h, k) = C (4,2)
r=?
Find the equation which contains (-4, -3) and
the Center lies at (4,2)

C (h, k) = C (4,2)
r=?
Find the equation which contains (-4, -3) and
the Center lies at (4,2)

d = r = (4-(-4)) +(2-(-3))
2 2

d = r = (4+4) + (2+3)
2 2

d = r = (8) + (5)
2 2

d = r = 64+25
d = r = 89
Find the equation which contains (-4, -3) and
the Center lies at (4,2)

C (h, k) = C (4,2)
r = 89

(x-4) + (y+2) = ( 89 )
2 2

SF: (x-4) + (y+2) = 89

2
Find the equation which contains (-4, -3) and
the Center lies at (4,2)

(x-4) + (y+2) = 89
2

x -8x+16 + y +4y+4 = 89
2 2

x -8x+y +4y+16+4-89= 0
2 2

GF: x -8x+y +4y-69=0

2 2