Topic:

Circles in Cartesian Plane

Most Essential Learning Competencies
• illustrates the center-radius form of the equation of a circle
• determines the center and radius of a circle given its equation and vice versa
• graphs and solves problems involving circles and other geometric figures on the coordinate plane

Objectives
At the end of the session, the learners should be able to:
1.illustrate the center-radius form of the equation of a circle
2.determine the center and radius of a circle given its equation and vice versa; and
3.sketch the graph of circles and solve problems involving circles and other geometric figures.
Circle
A circle is a set of coplanar points which is equidistant from a fixed
point called the center of the circle.
Equation of a Circle with center at (0,0)

A(x,y)
r

C (0,0)
Using the distance formula,

CA = (x − 0)2
+ ( y − 0) = r
2

(x ) 2
+ (y) = r
2

by squaring both sides, we get

x +y =r
2 2 2

Thus, the equation of a circle with center at (0,0) and radius r in

standard form is
x +y =r
2 2 2
Example 1
Find the equation of the circle whose center is at the origin and the
radius is given below.
1. 𝑟 = 4
2. 𝑟 = 7
3. 𝑟 = 3 3
Equation of a Circle with center at (h,k)

r A(x,y)

C (h,k)
 The equation of the circle at center (h,k) is the same in finding
the length of AC(radius) with endpoints C(h,k) and A(x,y) using the
distance formula.

CA = (x − h ) + ( y − k )
2 2
=r
Squaring both sides, we get

(x − h ) 2
+ (y − k ) = r
2 2

This is the standard form of the equation of the

circle with center at (h,k).
Example 2
Give the standard form of the circle whose center C and radius 𝑟 are
given below.
1. 𝐶 1,6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 4
2. 𝐶 −2,5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 7
3. 𝐶 0, −9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 6
 If we expand the standard form of the equation of a circle, the general
form is obtained.
(x − h ) 2
+ (y − k ) = r
2 2

(x 2 2
) (
− 2hx + h + y − 2ky + k
2 2
)= r 2

x + y − 2hx − 2ky + h + k − r = 0
2 2 2 2 2

If D = −2h, E = −2k , and F = h 2 + k 2 − r 2

the equation
x + y − 2hx − 2ky + h + k − r = 0
2 2 2 2 2

becomes

.
x + y + Dx + Ey + F = 0
2 2
 General Form of the Equation of the Circle
The general form of the equation of a circle is

x + y + Dx + Ey + F = 0
2 2

where D, E and F are real numbers.

Example 4
Give the standard form of the circle. Determine the center C and
radius 𝑟.
2 2
1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 47 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 28 = 0
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 84 = 0
Activity
A. Write each equation of a circle in general form.
1. 𝑥 − 2 2 + 𝑦 − 4 2 = 36
2. 𝑥 − 6 2 + 𝑦 + 1 2 = 81
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 5 2 = 32

B. Give the standard form of the circle. Determine the center C

and radius 𝑟.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 14𝑦 − 66 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 23 = 0
Word Problems
Write the equation of the circle in general form that will satisfy the
given conditions.
1. The line segment joining (4,-2) and (-8,-6) is a diameter.
2. The center is at (-3,2), and the circle passes through (4,-6).
3. The center of which lies on the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = −7, and is tangent to
the line 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 4 = 0 at the point (−4, −4) .
4. The circle passes through the points (-1,0), (0,2), and (0,-1).
5. Center is (5,-2), the midpoint of the segment joining the center
and one of the points on the circle is (-2,1).
Word Problems
Write the equation of the circle in general form that will satisfy the
given conditions.
6. The circle passes through the points (0,0), (5,0), and (3,3).
7. The radius is 2 and passing through the points (1,2) and (3,4).
8. The circle 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 = 𝑘 passes through the point (-1,1).
Find the value of 𝑘, the radius, and the center of the circle.
9. Determine whether the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 12 = 0 .
Represent a circle, a point or has no graph.
10. Find the values of k so that the graph of the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 +
8𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 𝑘 + 3 is a circle, a point or an empty set.
Lesson 2
Graphing a Circle in Cartesian
Plane
Existence of a Circle
The existence of a circle depends on the value of 𝑟 2 .
If in 𝑥 − ℎ 2 + 𝑦 − 𝑘 2 = 𝑟 2
𝑟 2 > 0, the graph is a circle,
𝑟 2 = 0, the graph is a point,
𝑟 2 < 0, the graph does not exist
Example 5
Determine whether the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 12 = 0,
represent a circle, a point or has no graph
Example 6
Determine the value(s) of 𝑘 so that the graph of
𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 10
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 =
𝑘−2
a. is a circle.
b. is a point.
c. is an empty set.
Graphing a Circle in the Cartesian Plane
Sketch the graph of the circle in a cartesian plane given the
conditions below.
1. 𝐶(−1, −2) and 𝑟 = 4
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9
3. 𝑥 − 1 2 + 𝑦 + 3 2 = 36
4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 16 = 0