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A Teaching- Learning Package in Mathematics 10

Teacher: Maryland V. Pasilan

Method: Five A’s

TLP 15: Equations of a Circle (Circles in the Coordinate Plane )

Objectives: Through the discussion and examples, the students will be able to:
1. Illustrate the center-radius form of the equation of a circle;
2. Determine the center and radius of a circle given its equation, and vice versa; and
3. Graph a circle and other geometric figures on the coordinate plane.

A. ACTIVATION
Awareness
Geometry and algebra work hand in hand in studying further the properties of the circle. The circle, its
radius and its center will be the focus for this discussion.
Activity
In the previous TLP, a circle was defined as the set of all points in a plane all of which are equidistant from a
given point. Applying this definition on the figure:
[Draw the radius of the ⨀ C.]

CP = r.
This will be used as the guiding principle in deriving the equation of circles in the coordinate plane.

B. DEVELOPMENT
Analysis
EQUATIONS OF A CIRCLE WITH A CENTER AND RADIUS
A. Equation of a Circle with Center (0,0) and Radius (r)
If P has coordinate (x,y), then using the distance formula, [Recall Distance formula]

CP = √ ( x−0 )2 + ( y −0 )2= r

= √ x 2+ y2 = r.
Squaring both sides gives
x2 + y2 = r2
Standard Form of a Circle
The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at (0,0) and radius r is
x2 + y2 = r2
Example 1
Find the equation of a circle with center at (0,0) and radius 7.
Solution:
The distance between (0,0) and a point (x,y) in the circle is 7 units.

√ ( x−0 ) +( y −0 ) = 7
2 2 2

√ x 2+ y2= 72
Square both sides to cancel the square root.
x2 + y2 = 49
Therefore, the equation of the circle is x2 + y2 =49.
Or just simply substitute 7 to r and simplify.
x 2 + y 2 = 72
x2 + y2 = 49

As you can see in the graphing, the center is

(0,0) and radius is 7. In Cartesian Plane, just
simply count 7 units from the center to any
points to graph it.

Example 2
Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (0,0) and whose radius is 3 units long.
Solution:
The distance between (0,0) and a point (x,y) in the circle is 3 units.

√ ( x−0 ) +( y −0 ) = 3
2 2

√ x 2+ y2= 3
Square both sides to cancel the square root.
x2 + y 2 = 9
Therefore, the equation of the circle is x2 + y2 =9.
Or just simply substitute 3 to r and simplify.
x 2 + y 2 = 32
x2 + y 2 = 9

B. Equation of a Circle with Center (h, k) and Radius (r)

 If the circle with equation x2 + y2 = r2 is translated in the coordinate plane by moving every pint of the
circle, h units horizontally and k units vertically, the circle with radius r and center (h,k) has the equation:
(x – h )2 + (y – k )2 = r2

Example 3
Find the equation of a circle with center at (-3,2) and radius 4 units.
Solution:
The center (h, k) is (-3,2) and radius r is 4.
(h, k) = (-3,2); h = -3, k = 2, r = 4
Substitute the values to formula: (x – h )2 + (y – k )2 = r2
( x – (-3))2 + (y – 2 )2 = 42
(x + 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 16
[This the equation of the circle.]

Example 4
Write the equation of a circle whose center is (2,-2) and radius is 3.
Solution:
The center (h, k) is (2,-2) and radius r is 3.
(h, k) = (2,-2); h = 2, k = -2, r = 3
Substitute the values to formula: (x – h )2 + (y – k )2 = r2
( x – 2)2 + (y – (-2) )2 = 32
(x - 2)2 + (y +2)2 = 9 [This the equation of the circle.]
Note: In writing equation of the circle, h and k should not be interchange.

Practice!
Try This #1!
Write the equation on the circle whose center and radius are known. Sketch the graph.
1. (h,k) = (4,1), r = 1 2. (h,k) = (0,0), r = √ 3
[Use another sheet of paper for your answers and solutions. Just put Try This # __ !]

General Form of the Equation of A Circle

The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at (h,k ), and radius r can be presented in
another form by squaring the binomials and collecting terms.

This the general equation of the circle. It can also be transformed into standard form (x-h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 by
completing squares. This form also gives us information about the graph of the circle, the location of its center,
and the length of its radius.

IDENTIFYING THE CENTER AND RADIUS OF A CIRCLE

We can identify the center and radius of a circle given:
A. General Form of the Equation of A Circle
Example 5
Determine the center and radius of a circle whose equation is x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y – 24 = 0, then sketch its graph.

Solution:
The center and radius of the circle is readily determined if its equation is in the standard form.
First, isolate the constant term.
x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y – 24 = 0
x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y = 24
Then group the x and y together.
(x2 + 8x ) + (y2 – 6y ) = 24
Add the square of half the coefficient of the first degree term in each group to complete the squares. DO
not forget to add the same constant on the right side of the equation. [Recall your knowledge about completing
the square.]
( x2 + 8x + 16) + (y2 – 6y + 9 ) = 24 + 16 +9
Factor the resulting perfect square trinomials.
(x + 4)2 + (y – 3 ) 2 = 49 = 72
This equivalent equation is now in a standard form, which means that center is at (-4, 3) and the radius is
7.

In the relation to that, let’s identify the center and radius of a circle given:

B. Equation of Circle with center at (h,k) and radius r

Example 6
Find the center and radius of the equation (x-1)2 + (y+3)2 = 16
Solution:
Since the equation is already (x – h )2 + (y – k )2 = r2 form, we can easily determine or identify the center and
radius.
(x – 1) 2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
We know that the center (h, k) and radius r. Using the formula,
(x – 1)2 + (y – (-3))2 = 42
This process is reverse process in getting the equation of a circle given a center and radius.
Now, we have center which is h = 1 and k = -3, and radius r = 4.
Center: (h , k ) = (1, - 3)
Radius: r = 4
The existence of a circle depends on the value of r2
If in (x-h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
r2 > 0, the graph is a circle,
r2 = 0, the graph is a point circle,
r2 < 0, the graph does not exist.

Practice!
Try This #2!
Give the center and the radius of each equation of a circle. Sketch the Graph
1. (x + 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 100 2. x2 + y2 – 4x +2y + 4 = 0
[Use another sheet of paper for your answers and solutions. Just put Try This # __ !]

Abstraction
Equations of The Circle (Given General Equation
center and radius)
Equations of The Circle (Given
center and radius)
And General Equation

Explain how you to identify the

radius and center given an
equation of a circle

C. CULMINATION
Application
A. Write the equation of the circle whose center and radius are known. Show your solutions.
1. (h,k ) = (5,-2) , r = 4 2. (h,k ) = (-1,-5) , r = 9
3. (h,k ) = (5,-3) , r = 7 4. (h,k ) = (-7,0) , r = √ 5
5. (h,k ) = (-4,2) , r = 3√ 6 6. (h,k ) = (0,8) , r = 5√ 2
7. (h,k ) = (3,-3) , r = 2 8. (h,k ) = (-9,-4) , r = 4

B. Give the center and the radius of each circle. Sketch the graph. Show your solutions.
1. (x-2)2+(y+4)2 = 72 2. x2+y2+2x – 6y= 14
3.(x+2)2+(y-1)2 = 121 4. x2 + y2 + 8y +12 = 0

5. x2-2y + y2+ 10x = 0 6. (x-1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 52

7. x2 + y2 – 25 = 0