Conic Sections: Circle

A circle is a set of all coplanar points such that the distance from a fixed point is
constant. The fixed point is called the center of the circle and the constant distance from the
center is called radius. (h, k) is the coordinates of the circle; r is the ratio.

Basic Graphing: Equations:

y Standard Form

(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2
. (-x, y) . (x, y)
General Form
-x x
X2 + y2 Dx + Ey + F = 0
. (-x, -y) . (x, -y)
Radius Formula

-y r2= x2 + y2

Finding the Center and radius in graph C (x, y); r

Given its C (1, 3);r= 3

Find the center Plot the four points radius. Since r= 3,

count 3 from the center.
6
6
5
5
4

3 4

2 3

1 2

-0 1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Standard Form Equation Given its C (1, 3); r=3

(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2

Simply evaluate the equation:

(x - 1)2 + (y - 3)2 = 32
General Form Equation given its C (-2, 5); r=4
1. Evaluate the given to standard form

(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2

(x + 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 42

2. Power the exponents

Use FOIL method on (x + 2)2, (y - 5)2

(x + 2)2 = (x + 2) (x + 2)

First

(x + 2) (x + 2)

=x2

Outer

(x + 2) (x + 2)

=2x

Inner

(x + 2) (x + 2)

=2x

Last

(x + 2) (x + 2)

=4

Add the like terms

=x2 + (2x + 2x) + 4

= x2 + 4x + 4

Do the same method with the y binomials:

(y - 5)2 = (y - 5) (y - 5)

(y - 5)2 = y2 -10y + 25

3. Arrange the terms in descending order

x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 -10y + 25 = 16

x2 + y2 + 4x -10y + 25 + 4= 16

4. Add the constant terms and subtract the radius.

x2 + y2 + 4x -10y + 29 - 16= 0

x2 + y2 + 4x -10y + 13= 0 - General Form of C (-2, 5); r=4

Standard form equation given its general form. Finding the Center
x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Example:

x2 + y2 + 2x - 6y - 15 = 0

First, arrange the terms moving the constant E= -15 out. It will be +15.

x2 + 2x + y2 - 6y = 15

Find the third term by dividing the coefficients or the variables by 2. Then, square the results.

x2 + 2x + __ + y2 - 6y +__ = 15

2÷2=1= 12 = 1 6÷2= 3= 32 = 9

x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 - 6y + 9= 15

The answers will also be added outside.

x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 - 6y + 9= 15 +1 +9

Factor the trinomials: Square the first term, take the sign of the second term, and square the
third term to get the factor.

x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 - 6y + 9= 15 +1 +9

(x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 25

(x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 52 - Standard Form

C (-1, 3); r= 5

Finding the Radius: C(h, k); r= ?

Example: Given its C at (7, 4) & goes through the point (4, 8)

First, plot the center and the through point.

10

8 (4, 8)
7

4 (7, 4)
3

0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1

-2
Draw a line through the points, and make an isosceles triangle. Determine the x and y, then
evaluate the formula of the radius r2=x2 + y2 to find the radius.
10

8 (4, 8)
7

6
y= 4
5

4
x= 3 (7, 4)
3

0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1

-2

r2=x2 + y2

r2= 32 + 42

r2= 9 + 16

r2= 25

r= 5 (square root of 25)

Now, having the C (7,4); r= 5, plot the circle.

10
(7, 9)
9
8
7
6
5
(2, 4) (13, 4)
4
3
2
1
0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
-1
-2 (7, -1)
Exercise A: Draw its Graph (plotting)
1. Plot C (0, 0); r= 5
2. Plot and standard form of C (-2, 7) r= 4
3. Plot and standard form of C (-8, -5) r=3

Exercise B: Determining the General form of the Circle

1. C (-2, 7) r= 4
2. C (-8, -5) r=3

Exercise C: Determining the Standard Form and the C & r of circles in

general form. Then, draw its graph.
1. x2 + y2 + 4x -10y + 13= 0
2. x2 + y2 - 4x -2y - 4= 0
3. x2 + y2 + 4x -6y - 12= 0
4. x2 + y2 - 10x + 2y= 0

Exercise D: Finding the radius given its C and the go through point, then
draw the graph. Give the standard form.
1. The C is a (8, 5) & goes through the point (4, 8)
2. The C is at (-3, 7) & goes through the origin (0, 0)