PARABOLA

IIT-JEE Syllabus

1. Equations of the parabola

2. Position of a point and line with respect to a parabola
3. Equation of tangents and normals
4. Angle of intersection
5. Diameter of parabola

Total No. of questions in Parabola are:

Solved examples…....…………………………..…18
Exercise # 1 …….……………………………….…32
Exercise # 2 …….……………………………….…29
Exercise # 3 …….……………………………….…20
Exercise # 4 ……………………………………..…22
Exercise # 5 ……………………………………..…07
Total No. of questions………………..128

*** Students are advised to solve the questions of exercises in the same sequence or as
directed by the faculty members.

PARABOLA 1
 EXERCISE # 1
Question
(D) None of these
based on Different forms of parabola Sol. [C]
Parabola is y2 – 4y – 2x – 8 = 0
Q.1 The equation of the parabola whose focus is (y – 2)2 = 2x + 12
(1, 1) and tangent at the vertex is x + y = 1 is  (y – 2)2 = 2(x + 6)
(A) x2 + y2 – 2xy – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0  its vertex is x + 6 = 0 & y – 2 = 0
(B) x2 + y2 – 2xy + 4x + 4y + 4 = 0  x = – 6, y = 2
(C) x2 + y2 – 2xy – 4x – 4y – 4 = 0  vertex = (– 6, 2)
(D) none of these  1   11 
focus : =  – 6  , 2     , 2 
Sol. [D]  2   2 
P(x, y) Equation of directrix :
(1, 1) 1 13
x=–6– x = –
S 2 2
1
Length of L.R. : = 4a 4. = 2
V 2
(0, 0)
Q.3 The equation of the parabola which passes
x+y=1 through the point (4, 3) and having origin as its
y=x vertex and x-axis as its axis will be
(A) 9y2 = 4x (B) 9y2 + 4x = 0
Distance between focus & vertex = a 2
(C) 4y + 9x = 0 (D) 4y2 – 9x = 0
1 1 1 1 Sol. [D]
a= 
2 2
SP = PM
Equation of directrix is y = x
i.e. x – y = 0 (0, 0)
SP2 = PM2
2
xy
(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 =   Let equation of parabola is y2 = 4ax
 2 
Since it passes through (4, 3)
( x  y) 2  9 = 16a
 x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 + 1 =
2 9
a=
2(x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 2) = x2 + y2 – 2xy 16
 x2 + y2 + 2xy – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0  equation of parabola is given by
 x2 + y2 + 2xy – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 9
y2 = . 4x
16
Q.2 The vertex, focus, directrix and length of the latus
rectum of the parabola y2 – 4y – 2x – 8 = 0 is  4y2 = 9x
(A) A(6, 2), S(–11/2, 2)  4y2 – 9x = 0
Eq. of directrix x = –13/2, L. of L.R. = 2
(B) A(–6, 2), S(11/2, 2) Q.4 If the vertex = (2, 0) and the extremities of the
latus rectum are (3, 2) and (3, –2) then the
Eq. of directrix x = –13/2, L. of L.R. = 3
equation of the parabola is
(C) A(–6, 2), S(–11/2, 2)
(A) y2 = 2x – 4 (B) x2 = 4y – 8
Eq. of directrix x = –13/2, L. of L.R. = 2 2
(C) y = 4x – 8 (D) none of these
PARABOLA 2

1
Sol. [C] Sol. [A]
Vertex = (2, 0) Given parabola is (x + 1)2 = 4(y – 1)
focus will be the mid point of extremities of latus Let x + 1 = X
rectum and y – 1 = Y
 focus = (3, 0)  X2 = 4Y
Its parametric equation is
 distance between focus and vertex is
X = 2at, Y = at2
a=1  x + 1 = 2at, y – 1 = at2
since axis of parabola is x-axis  x = 2at – 1, y = at2 + 1
 its equation will be Here 4a = 4
(y – 0)2 = 4.1.(x – 2) a=1
 y2 = 4(x – 2)  parametric equation will be
x = 2t – 1, y = t2 + 1.
 y2 = 4x – 8
Q.7 Which of the following are not parametric
Q.5 The equation of the parabola whose vertex and
coordinates of any point on the parabola
focus are on the positive side of the x-axis at
y2 = 4ax
distances a and b respectively from the origin is
(A) (at2, 2at) (B) (a, 2a)
(A) y2 = 4(b – a) (x – a)
2
(C) (a/m , 2a/m) (D) (am2, –2am)
(B) y2 = 4(a – b) (x – b)
Sol. [B]
(C) x2 = 4(b – a) (y – a)
y2 = 4ax
(D) none of these The parametric co-ordinate of the parabola is
Sol. [A] given by (at2, 2at) where t is parameter
also we know that t = – m, therefore
(am2, – 2am) is also parametric co-ordinates And
 a 2a 
 2 ,  also the parametric co-ordinates.
a m m 
(0, 0) v (a, 0) s (b, 0)
But (a, 2a) is not a parametric co-ordinate of the
b parabola because there is no parameter. Hence
option (B) is correct Answer.
Let equation of parabola is Question
(y – y1)2 = 4A (x – x1) based on Focal chord
Here A = (b – a)
Q.8 The other extremity of the focal chord of the
and vertex = (x1, y1)  (a, 0)
parabola y2 = 8x which is drawn at the point
 equation will be (1/2, 2) is
(y – 0)2 = 4(b – a) (x – a) (A) (2, –4) (B) (2, 4) (C) (8, –8) (D) (8, 8)
 y2 = 4(b – a) (x – a) Sol. [C]
 y2 = 4 (b – a) (x – a) Here 2at = 2
y-axis
Question (at2, 2at)
based on Parametric form

Q.6 Write the parametric equations of the parabola

(x + 1)2 = 4 (y – 1) x-axis
(2, 0)
(A) x = 2t – 1, y = t2 + 1
(B) x = 2t + 3, y = t2 + 2
 a 2a 
(C) x = 2t – 1, y = t2 – 1  2 ,– 
t t 
(D) none of these
PARABOLA 3

1
 2×2×t=2 Question
based on Tangent of parabola
1
t=
2
Q.11 The equation to the line touching both the
 other extremity is given by
parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = – 32y is
 
  (A) x + 2y + 4 = 0 (B) 2x + y – 4 = 0
 a 2a   2 2 2  (C) x – 2y – 4 = 0 (D) x – 2y + 4 = 0
 2 ,–    ,– 
t t    1 2  1  
  Sol. [D]
2  2  
  1
Let equation of tangent to y2 = 4x is y = mx +
 (8, – 8). m
This tangent is also touches x2 = – 32y
Q.9 Length of focal chord drawn at point (8, 8) of
 1
parabola y2 = 8x is  x2 = – 32  mx  
 m 
(A) 25 (B) 18 (C) 25/4 (D) 25/2
mx2 = – 32(m2x + 1)
Sol. [D]
Length of focal chord  mx2 + 32m2x + 32 = 0
2 D=0
 1
= at   (32 m2)2 – 4 . m . 32 = 0
 t
 32m3 = 4
Here 4a = 8
1 1
a=2  m3 = m=
8 2
and 2at = 8
1 1
2×2×t=8  Equation of line is y = .x+
2 1/ 2
t=2
x
 length of focal chord y= + 2  x – 2y + 4 = 0
2
2
 1
= at  
 t
Q.12 If the line y – 3x  3  0 cuts the parabola
2
 1 y2 = x + 2 at A and B, then PA. PB is equal to
= 2 2  
 2 (where P  ( 3 , 0))
2
5 4( 3  2) 4( 2  3 )
= 2  (A) (B)
2 3 3
25 2( 3  2)
= (C) 2 3 (D)
2 3
Q.10 A circle described on any focal chord of Sol. [A]
Given parabola is y2 = x + 2 and
parabola y2 = 4ax as its diameter touches
(A) Axis of Parabola given line is y = 3x – 3 and P  ( 3 , 0)
(B) directrix of Parabola
(C) Tangent drawn at vertex B
(D) Latus Rectum
Sol. [B]
We know that a circle described on any focal chord A
of parabola y2 = 4ax as its diameter touches the
directrix of the parabola. P( 3 ,0)

PARABOLA 4

1
 AB makes an angle of 60° with the positive The equation of the tangent and its point of
direction of x-axis. Co-ordinates of any point on contact are
this line may be taken as ( 3 + r cos 60°, 0 + r (A) 2x + y –1 = 0 at (1/2, –2),
 r r 3  x – 2y – 8 = 0 at (8, 8)
sin 60°) i.e.  3  ,
 2 2  (B) 2x + y + 1 = 0 at (1, – 2),

x + 2y + 8 = 0 at (8, 8)
If this point lies on y2 = x + 2 then.
(C) 2x + y + 1 = 0 at (1/2, – 2),
3 2 r
r = 3 + + 2 or 3r2 = 4 3 + 2r + 8 x – 2y + 8 = 0 at (8, 8)
4 2
(D) None of these
or 3r2 – 2r – 4(2 + 3 ) = 0 ………(1)
Sol. [C]
Let r1 and r2 be the roots of equation (1)
4(2  3 ) y2 = 8x
then r1r2 = – m
3 y = 3x + 5
45°
Now PA . PB = | r1 | | r2 |
4
= | r1 r2 | = (2  3 )
3

Q.13 The equation of the tangents to the parabola

y2 = 8x inclined at 45º to the x-axis and also the
points of contact will be a
Let equation of tangent is y = mx +
(A) x – y – 2 = 0, (2, 4) m
(B) x – y + 2 = 0, (2, 4) Here a = 2
(C) x – y + 2 = 0, (2, 3) 2
 y = mx +
(D) none of these m
Sol. [B] m1  m 2
tan =
a 1  m1m 2
Let equation of tangent is y = mx +
m
m3
Here m = tan 45° = 1 tan 45° =
1  3m
and a = 2
1 + 3m = ± (m – 3)
2
y=x+  1 + 3m = m – 3 or 1 + 3m = – m + 3
1
 2m = – 4 or 4m = 2
x–y+2=0
1
Now for point of contact m=–2 m=
2
Put y = x + 2 in y2 = 8x, we get
2
(x + 2)2 = 8x  equation of tangent y = – 2x +
2
 x2 + 4x + 4 = 8x
1
 x2 – 4x + 4 = 0  2x + y + 1 = 0 or y = x+4
2
 (x – 2)2 = 0
 x – 2y + 8 = 0
x=2
point of contact
 y=4
 point of contact is (2, 4)  a 2a   2 4   2 4 
 2 ,  , or ,
 m m   (2) 2  2   (1 / 2) 2 1 / 2 
Q.14 A tangent to the parabola y2 = 8x makes an
angle of 45º with the straight line y = 3x + 5. 1 
  ,2  or (8, 8)
 2 
PARABOLA 5

1
  dy 
Q.15 The equation of the line touching both the &   = – 1 = m2  slope of normal = 1
parabolas y2 = x and x2 = y is  dx  ( a ,–2a )
(A) 4x + 4y + 1 = 0 (B) 4x + 4y – 1 = 0  y – 2a = – 1 (x – a)
(C) x + y + 1 = 0 (D) none of these   x + y – 3a = 0 ...(1)
Also y + 2a = 1 (x – a)  x – y – 3a = 0
Sol. [A]
...(2)
Let equation of tangent of y2 = x is
from (1) and (2) 
a 1
y = mx + where a = (x + y – 3a) (x – y – 3a) = 0
m 4
 x2 – my – 3ax + xy – y2 – 3ay – 3ax + 3ay + 9a2 = 0
1  x2 – y2 – 6ax + 9a2 = 0
y = mx + ...(i)
4m
This is also touches x2 = y ...(ii)
 from (1) and (2) Q.17 If a normal to the parabola y2 = 8x makes 45º
1 angle with x-axis then its foot of the normal
x2 = mx +
4m will be
1 (A) (2, 4) (B) (2, –4)
 x2 – mx – =0
4m (C) (8, 8) (D) (8, –8)
D=0 Sol. [B]
1 Let foot of normal is (am2, – 2am)
m2 + 4. =0
4m normal is y = mx – 2am – am3
m3 = – 1 Here a = 2 and m = tan 45º = 1
m=–1  foot of normal is
 Raqd. equation (2(1)2, – 2(2) (1)) = (2, – 4)
1
y=–x– Q.18 If the normal at the point (1, 2) on the parabola
4
y2 = 4x meets the parabola again at the point
 4y = – 4x – 1  4x + 4y + 1 = 0
(t2, 2t), then t is equal to
Question (A) 1 (B) –1
based on Normal of parabola (C) 3 (D) – 3
Sol. [D]
Q.16 The equations of the normals at the ends of the 2
latus rectum of the parabola y2 = 4ax are given by Use t1 + t2 = – ...(1)
t1
(A) x2 – y2 – 6ax + 9a2 = 0
Here 2at1 = 2  2.1.t1 = 2
(B) x2 – y2 – 6ax – 6ay + 9a2 = 0  t1 = 1 and 2at2 = 2t
(C) x2 – y2 – 6ay + 9a2 = 0  2.1.t2 = 2.5  t2 = t
(D) none of these 2
From (1) 1 + t = – = – 2  t = – 3.
Sol. [A] 1
The ends of latus reaction of parabola y2 = 4ax is
given by (a, 2a) and (a, – 2a) Q.19 If P (–3, 2) is one end of the focal chord PQ of
 y2 = 4ax the parabola y2 + 4x + 4y = 0, then the slope of
the normal at Q is
dy dy 2a
 2y = 4a  = (A) –1/2 (B) 2
dx dx y
(C) 1/2 (D) –2
 dy 
  = 1  slope of tanent  slope of Sol. [A]
 dx  ( a , 2a ) As PQ is a focal chord, the normal at point Q will
normal = – 1 be parallel to the tangent at point ‘P’.
Curve is : (y + 2)2 = – 4 (x – 1)
using differentiation
PARABOLA 6

1
 dy Q.22 The normal to the parabola y2 = 4ax at
2(y + 2) . =–4
dx (at12, 2at1) meets the curve again at (at22, 2at2),
then the number of points, where f(f(x)) is
 dy    2 
     discontinuous is equal to where f (x) = 1/(1 – x)
 dx   y  2 
(A) t12 + t1t2 (B) –t12 – t1t2
Slope of tangent at P(–3, 2)
(C) t12 – t1t2 (D) none of these
 dy  1
    = Slope of normal at Q. Sol. [B]
dx
 P 2
1
f(x) =
Q.20 The equation of the normal having slope m of 1 x
the parabola y2 = x + a is 1 1 x
f(f(x)) = 
1 x
(A) y = mx – 2am – am3 1
1 x
(B) y = mx – am – am3
& f [f(x)] is discontinuous at x = 1, 0
(C) 4y = 4mx + 4am – 2m – m3 [Two points]
(D) 4y = 4mx + 2am – am3 Now normal at ‘t1’ meets the parabola at ‘t2’
Sol. [C] 2
Given parabola is then t2 = – t1 –  t1t2 + t12 = –2
t1
y2 = x + a
Let y2 = X where X = x + a   t12 – t1t2 = 2 
Equation of normal having slope m is given by
Q.23 Number of normals can be drawn from point
y = mX – 2Am – Am3
(1, 2) on the parabola y2 = 12x is
1
Where X = x + a and A = (A) 3 (B) 1
4
1 1 3 (C) 2 (D) None of these
 y = m (x + a) – 2. m– m Sol. [A]
4 4
 4y = 4mx + 4ma – 2m – m3 y2 = 12 x is the given parabola.
 4y = 4mx + 4am – 2m – m3. (1, 2) is the given point.
S1= y12 – 12x1 = 4 – 12 < 0
Q.21 The slopes of the three normals to the parabola  point lies inside the parabola.
y2 = 8x which pass through (18, 12) are Therefore three normals are drawn.
(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 1, –2, 3 Question
based on Tangents from external point
(C) 1, 2, –3 (D) –1, –2, 3
Sol. [C]
Let equation of normal is given by
Q.24 The tangents from the origin to the parabola
y = mx – 2am – am3 y2 + 4 = 4x are inclined at
Here 4a = 8  a = 2    
(A) (B) (C) (D)
 y = mx – 4m – 2m3 6 4 3 2
since it passes through (18, 12) Sol. [D]
Therefore Given parabola y2 + 4 = 4x
12 = 18 m – 4m – 2m3  y2 – 4x + 4 = 0
 2m3 – 14m + 12 = 0 Equation of pair of tangents drawn from (0, 0) to
 m3 – 7m + 6 = 0 the parabola
Let m1, m2, m3are its roots SS1 = T2
 m1  m 2  m 3  0  ...(1) (y2 – 4x + 4) (4) = 4x2
  x2 – y2 + 4x – 4 = 0
m1m 2 m 3  –6 
this represent equation of a circle
from (1) we can say that option (C) is the correct
Here a + b = 0
answer.
 slopes are 1, 2, – 3.  a = 1, b = – 1

PARABOLA 7

1
  tangents are perpendicular
Since coefficient of x2 + coeff. of y2 = 0 Q.27 The chord of contact of the tangents to a
parabola drawn from any point on its directrix

 Angle between them is . passes through
2
(A) one extremity of LR (B) focus
Q.25 The equation of the chord of contact of (C) vertex (D) none of these
tangents drawn from the point (2, 3) to the Sol. [B]
parabola y2 + x = 0 is Let parabola is y2 = 4ax and point on directrix is
(A) 3y + x = 2 (B) 6y – x = 2 (– a, ) & equation of chord of contact
(C) 6y + x + 2 = 0 (D) 3y – x = 2 y() = 2a (x – a)
Sol. [C] ys= 2a(x – a)
Given parabola is y2 + x = 0 Which always passes through (a, 0),
 y2 = – x the focus of parabola.
1
Here a = –
4 Q.28 The circle x2 + y2 + 2x = 0,   R, touches the
Equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn parabola y2 = 4x externally. Then
from (2, 3) is (A) > 0 (B)  < 0
 1 (C)  > 1 (D) none of these
yy1 = 2a (x + x1)  y.3 = 2  –  (x + 2)
 4 Sol. [A]
 6y = – (x + 2)  6y + x + 2 = 0 Centre of circle must on negative x-axis for that 
must be positive as centre of circle is (– , 0).
Question y-axis
based on Chord of contact

Q.26 Line x + y = 2 meets parabola y2 = 8x at point

P and Q. Point of intersection of tangents
drawn at P and Q is x-axis
(A) (– 2, – 4) (B) (– 1, – 4)
(C) (– 2, – 3) (D) (– 3, – 2)
Sol. [A]

P Q.29 The equation of the director circle of the

parabola x2 = 4ay is
(A) x2 + y2 = a2 (B) x2 + y2 = 2a2
(C) x + a = 0 (D) y + a = 0
Q Sol. [D]
A(x1, y1) We know that the director circle of a parabola is
the directrix of that parabola.
Let tangents meet at A(x1, y1)
Here given parabola is x2 = 4ay
Then equation of PQ
Its directrix is y = – a
= chord of contact
y+a=0
yy1 = 4(x + x1)
This is the director circle of parabola
 4x – yy1 + 4x1 = 0 …..(1)
also x + y – 2 = 0 ….(2) Question
based on Chord with mid point
comparing (1) & (2)
4  y1 4x1
  Q.30 If (a, b) be the mid point of a chord of the
1 1 2
parabola y2 = 4x passing through its vertex then
& (x1, y1)  (–2, – 4)
PARABOLA 8

1
 (A) a = 2b (B) 2a = b 4 y  4x 1  y12
=– 1 =
(C) a2 = 2b (D) 2a = b2 1 –1 2
Sol. [D] y=4
Equation of chord in terms of mid point and 8 = – 4x1 + y12
T = S1  y1 = 4 and x1 = 2
Here mid point is (a, b) & parabola is y2 = 4x  reqd. mid point is (2, 4).
 yy1 = 2a' (x + x1) Here a' = 1
 y.b = 2.1 (x + a)
 by – 2 (x + a) = 0 is T and S1 = b2 – 4a
 from T = S1
by – 2 (x + a) = b2 – 4a
Since it passes (0, 0)
Therefore 0 – 2 (0 + a) = b2 – 4a
 – 2a = b2 – 4a  b2 = 2a
Q.31 The mid-point of the line joining the common
points of the line 2x – 3y + 8 = 0 and y2 = 8x is
(A) (3, 2) (B) (5, 6)
(C) (4, –1) (D) (2, –3)
Sol. [B]
y2 = 4.2x
y2 = 4.(3y – 8)
 y2 = 12 y – 32  y2 – 12y + 32 = 0
 y2 – 8y – 4y + 32 = 0  y (y – 8) – 4(y – 8) = 0
 (y – 4) (y – 8) = 0  y = 4, 8
3y – 8
 2x = 3y – 8  x =
2
 x = 2 when y = 4 and x = 8 when y = 8
 points are (2, 4) and (8, 8)
 28 48
 Mid point =  ,  = (5, 6)
 2 2 

Q.32 If the tangent at the point P(2, 4) to the

parabola y2 = 8x meets the parabola y2 = 8x + 5
at Q and R, then the mid-point of QR is
(A) (2, 4) (B) (4, 2)
(C) (7, 9) (D) none of these
Sol. [A]
The equation of the tangent to y2 = 8x at P(2, 4) is
given by
4y = 4 (x + 2)
 x – y +2 = 0 ...(i)
Let (x1, y1) be the mid-point of chord QR, then
the equation of QR is
yy1 – 4 (x + x1) – 5 = y12 – 8x1 – 5
 4x – yy1 – 4x1 + y2 = 0 ...(ii)
Clearly equations (i) and (ii) represents the same
line, therefore

PARABOLA 9

1
 EXERCISE # 2
Only single correct answer type –2a
Part-A b=
questions 2  t12  t 22
Also, c2 = a2(t1–t2)2 {(t1 + t2)2 + 4 }
Q.1 If t1 and t2 be the ends of a focal chord of the = a2 (t12 + t22 + 2) (t12+t22 + 2)
parabola y2 = 4ax, then the equation  c = a(2 + t12 + t22)
t1x2 + ax + t2 = 0 has c
 = 2 + t 12 + t 22
(A) imaginary roots a
(B) both roots positive 4a 2
Hence, b2 =
(C) one positive and one negative roots 2  t12  t 22
(D) both roots negative
4a 2 4a 3
Sol. [C] b2 = b2 = b2c = 4a3
c/a c
t1 and t2 be the ends of a focal chord of
y2 = 4ax Q.3 The shortest distance between line x + y = 3
t1t2=– and parabola whose directrix is x + y = 1 and
t1x2 + ax + t2 = 0 (given) focus at (–1, –1) is
its discriminant D = B2 – 4AC 3 3
D = a2 – 4t1t2 D = a2 – 4( –1) (A) (B)  2
2 2 2
D = a2 + 4 D = (a)2 + (2)2
D = positive D > 0
3
(C)  2 (D) None of these
Let roots of the given equation is  & . 2 2
t tt 1 Sol. [C]
  = 2 = 122 = – 2 = – ve y
t1 t1 t1
 one root must be negative
 one positive and one negative roots. M
Z
Q.2 The length of a focal chord of the parabola
y2 = 4ax at a distance b from the vertex is c. x
P x+y=3
Then
x+y=1
(A) 2a2 = bc (B) a3 = b2c (–1, 1) S
(C) ac = b2 (D) b2c = 4a3
Sol. [D]  SP = PZ
Let the ends of the focal chord be (at12, 2at1) and
 SZ = 2PZ
(at22, 2at2) then t1t2 = – 1
 r distance form (–1, –1) to x + y  1 is
 c2 = [a(t12–t22)]2 + {2a(t1 – t2)}2
| –3 | 3
The equation of the focal chord is 2PZ = PZ =
2at1 – 2at 2 2 2 2
y – 2at1 = (x – at12) And distacne between parallel lines x + y = 1 & x
at12 – at 22
+ y = 3 is
2 3 –1 2
or y – 2at1 = (x – at12) = = 2
t1  t 2 2 2
2  The shortest distance will be PZ + ZM
(– at12 )  2at1
t1  t 2 2at1t 2 3
b= = = + 2
4 4  ( t1  t 2 ) 2 2 2
1
( t1  t 2 ) 2
Q.4 The point (a, 2a) is an interior point of the
region bounded by the parabola y2 = 16x and
PARABOLA 10

1
 the double ordinate through the focus. Then a y – 4t = – t (x – 2t2) ............(iii)
belongs to the open interval For P to be at minimum distance from circle (ii),
(A) a < 4 (B) 0 < a < 4 normal (iii) should pass through centre A(0, 6) of
(C) 0 < a < 2 (D) a > 4 the circle.;
Sol. [B]  – 6 – 4t = – t (0 – 2t2)
y2=16x  t3 + 2t + 3 = 0
x=4  (t + 1) (t2 – t + 3) = 0
(a,2a) t=–1
V
S focus  P  (2, – 4)

(a, 2a) is an interior point of y2 = 16x if Q.7 The equation of common tangent to the
(2a2) –16a < 0 parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4by is
i.e. a2 – 4a < 0
(A) a1/3x + b1/3y + (ab) = 0
v(0, 0) and (a, 2a) are on the same side of x – 4= 0
Therefore a – 4 < 0 (B) a1/3x + b1/3y + (ab)2/3 = 0
i.e. a < 4 (C) b1/3x + a1/3y + (ab)1/3 = 0
2
Now, a – 4a < 0 (D) b1/3x – a1/3y – (ab)1/3 = 0
0<a<4 Sol. [B]
Any tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax is
Q.5 The vertex of the parabola y2 = 8x is at the a
centre of a circle and the parabola cuts the y = mx + ..........(i)
m
circle at the ends of its latus rectum. Then the If it is a tangent to the parabola x2 = 4by then it
equation of the circle is will cut it in two coincident points.
(A) x2 + y2 = 4 (B) x2 + y2 = 20 on eliminating y, we get
(C) x2 + y2 = 80 (D) None of these  a
x2 = 4b mx  
Sol. [B]  m
Vertex = (0, 0) a
The ends of latus rectum are (2,4), (2, –4) x2 – 4bmx – 4b. = 0 .......(ii)
m
 Centre = (0, 0)
=0
radius = 2 2  42 16ab
 16b2m2 + =0
= 4  16 m
1/ 3
= 20 a
m=–  
 equation of the circle is given by b
on putting the value of m in (i), the equation of
(x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 = ( 20 )2
the common tangent is
 x2 + y2 = 20 1/ 3
a a
y=–   x+ 1/ 3
Q.6 The co-ordinates of the point on the parabola b a
– 
y2 = 8x, which is at minimum distance from the b
circle x2 + (y + 6)2 = 1 are – a1 / 3 x
y= – b1/3 a2/3
(A) (2, 4) (B) (–2, 4) b1/ 3
(C) (2, –4) (D) none of these 1
Sol. [C] b3y = – a1 / 3x – b 2 / 3a 2 / 3
Given parabola is y2 = 8x ...........(i)
 a1 / 3 x + b1 / 3 y + a 2 / 3b 2 / 3 = 0
Here a = 2
Given circle is x2 + (y + 6)2 = 1 .........(ii)
its centre is A (0, – 6) Q.8 Two parabolas y2 = 4a(x – 1) and x2 = 4a(y –)
Let P(2t2, 4t) be a point on parabola (i) always touch each other, 1 and 2 being
Equation of normal to parabola (i) at P is
PARABOLA 11

1
 variable parameters. Then, their points of 1
= × 4a × 2a
contact lie on a 2
(A) straight line (B) circle = 4a2
(C) parabola (D) hyperbola Q.10 The condition that the parabolas y2 = 4c(x – d)
Sol. [D] and y2 = 4ax have a common normal other than
Let P(x1, y1) be the point of contact of the two x-axis (a > c > 0) is
parabolas. Tangnts p to the two parobolas are
(A) 2a < 2c + d (B) 2c < 2a + d
yy1 = 2a (x + x1) – 4a
(C) 2d < 2a + c (D) 2d < 2c + a
 2ax – yy1 = 2a (21 – x1) ....(i)
and xx1 = 2a(y + y1) – 4a2 Sol. [A]
 xx1 –2ay = 2a(y1 – 22) .....(ii) The two parabolas are given as
Clearly (i) and (ii) reprents the same line y2 = 4ax .........(i)
and y2 = 4c(x – d).........(ii)
2a y
 = 1 Equation to any normal to (i) is
x1 2a
y = mx – 2am – am3 ........(iii)
 x1y1 = 4a2 and equation to any normal to (ii) is
Hence the locus of (x1, y1) is y = m(x – d) – 2cm – cm3 .............(iv)
xy = 4a2 If there is any common normal then (iii) and (iv)
which is a hyperbola. must be idenfical. As the coefficients of x and y
are equal, so the constant term will also be equal.
Q.9 The area of the triangle formed by the tangent
therefore
and the normal to the parabola y2 = 4ax, both –2am – am3 = –dm – 2mc – cm3
drawn at the same end of the latus rectum, and  m[m2(c – a)– 2a+ d + 2c] = 0
the axis of the parabola is 2a – d – 2c
so either m = 0 or m2 =
(A) 2 2a 2 (B) 2a2 c–a
(C) 4a2 (D) none of these if m = 0, the common normal is the x-axis.
2a – d – 2c
Sol. [C] If m2 =
c–a
(a,2a) 2 (a – c ) – d d
then m = = –2–
c–a c–a
2a If the volume of m is real and not zero then
A B
(–a,0) (a,0) (3a,0) d d d
–2– > 0, – > 2 or >2
c–a c–a a–c
 2a < 2c + d
Q.11 If the normal at three points (ap2, 2ap),
equation of tangent drawn at (a, 2a) to y2 = 4ax
(aq2, 2aq) and (ar2, 2ar) are concurrent then the
dy
its slope m = 2y = 4a common root of equations px2 + qx + r = 0 and
dx
a(b – c) x2 + b(c – a) x + c(a – b) = 0 is
dy 2a 2a
m= = = =1 (A) p (B) q
dx y 2a
y – 2a = (x – a)
(C) r (D) 1
x–y+a=0 ..........(i) Sol. [D]
Equation of the three normals are
Equation of normal px + y – 2 (p3 + 2p) = 0
r to x – y + a = 0 qx + y – 2 (q3 + 2q) = 0
x + y + = 0 a + 2a +  = 0 rx + y – 2 (r3 + 2r) = 0
since there lines are con-current
  = – 3a
x + y – 3a = 0
1
Area of ABC = × base × height
2
PARABOLA 12

1
 p 1 p 3  2p  2am 2 2a   4am 2 4am 
(C)  2 ,  (D)  2 , 
 q 1 q 3  2q = 0        
r 1 r 3  2r Sol. [D]
Let A(at2, 2at1) and B(at22, 2at2) be the points on
p 1 p3 the point on the parabola where it met by
 q 1 q3 = 0 [C3C3– 2C1] x + my = 1, then at t12 + 2mat1 = 0 and
3
r 1 r
at22 + 2mat2 – 1 = 0
3
1 p p  t1, t2 are the roots of the equation
 1 q q3 = 0 at2 + 2mat – 1 = 0
3
1 r r 2m 1
 t 1 + t2 = – and t1 t2 = –
 (p + q + r) (p – q) (q – r) (r – p) = 0  a
p+q+r=0 The normals at A and B intersect at C and
 1 is a root of equation px2 + qx + r = 0 Normal form C Meet parabola at D where D is
Also 1 is a root of second equation. Hence is the D  (2a + a(t12 + t22 + t1t2)), – at1t2 (t1 + t2)
common root. Now, t12 + t22 + t1t2 = (t1 + t2)2 – t1t2
4m 2 1
Q.12 If two of the three feet of normals drawn from a = +
 2 a
point to the parabola y2 = 4x be (1, 2) and
 co-ordinate of D is
(1, –2) then the third foot is
 2   4am 2 4am 
 2a  4am  1 , – 2m    , 
(A) (2, 2 2 ) (B) (2, – 2 2 )  2    2  2  
  
(C) (0, 0) (D) none of these
Sol. [C] Q.14 The equation of normal in terms of slope m to
We know that the sum of ordinates of their feet is the parabola (y – 2)2 = 4 (x – 3) is -
always is zero (A) y = mx – 2m – m3
let the third foot is (,)
(B) y = mx – 5m – m3 + 2
then 2 + (–2) +  = 0
(C) y – 2 = mx – 2m – m3
 = 0
Also, we know that centroid of the triangle (D) none of these
formed by joining their feet lies on the axis of the Sol. [B]
parabola. we know eqution of normal interms of m to the
Here axis of the parabola y2 = 4x is x-axis parabola y2 = 4ax is given by
 Centroid lies on x-axis y = mx – 2am – am3
 11  2 – 2    Here given parabola is
Centroid will be  ,  (y – 2)2 = 4 (x – 3)
 3 3 
Let y – 2 = Y and x – 3 = X
 (, ) lie on y = 4x
2
 Y2 = 4X
  2 = 4 0 = 4  = 0
equation of normal will be
 (,)  (0, 0) Y = mx – 2am – am3
Here a = 1
Q.13 Let the line x + my = 1 cut the parabola y2 = 4ax
 Y = mx – 2m – m3
in the points A and B. Normals at A and B  y – 2 = m(x – 3) – 2m – m3
meet at point C. Normal from C other than y – 2 = mx – 3m – 2m – m3
these two meet the parabola at D then the  y = mx – 5m – m3 + 2
coordinate of D are
Q.15 The point on the line x – y + 2 = 0 from which
 4am 4a 
(A) (a, 2a) (B)  2 ,  the tangent to the parabola y2 = 8x is
   

PARABOLA 13

1
 perpendicular to the given line is (a, b), then the Q.17 If line 3x + y = 8 meets parabola (y – 2)2 = 4(x – 1)
line ax + by + c = 0 is at A and B, then the point of intersection of
(A) parallel to x-axis tangents drawn at A and B lies on line
(B) parallel to y-axis (A) x = –1 (B) x = –1/2
(C) equally inclined to the axes (C) x = 0 (D) None of these
(D) none of these Sol. [C]
Given line is 3x + y = 8
Sol. [B]
Given line is x – y + 2 = 0 ..........(i) and given parabola is
Let P(a, b) be a point on line (i) (y – 2)2 = 4(x – 1)
its vertex is = (1, 2)
a–b+2=0
and its focus is = (1 + 1, 2) = (2, 2)
Equation of the tangent to parabola y2 = 8x
Since given line 3x + y = 8 passes through focus.
at (2t2, 4t) is
therefore given line is the focal chord of parabola
yt = x + 2t2 ...........(iii)
Therefore A and B are end points of focal chord.
line (iii) is perpendicular to (i)
the tangents drawn at A and B meets its directrix
1
 = –1 or t = – 1 at right angle.
t Therefore points of intersection lie on its directrix
 Equation of (iii) becomes is
x+y+2=0 ............(iv) x+1–1=0 x=0
since line (iv) passes through point P(a, b)
a+b+2=0 ............(v)
from (ii) and (v) Q.18 Let tangent at P(3, 4) to the parabola
a=–2,b=0 (y – 3)2 = (x – 2) meets line x = 2 at A and if S
a 2 be the focus of parabola then SAP is equal to
slope of line ax + by + c = 0 is – =
b 0   
(A) (B) (C) (D) None
(undefined) 4 2 3
Hence line ax + by + c = 0 is parallel to y-axis. Sol. [B]
Vertex of the parabola is (2, 3)
Q.16 If two tangents drawn from the point (, ) to
 1  9 
the parabola y2 = 4x be such that the slope of its focus S =  2  ,3  =  ,3 
 4  4 
one tangent is double of the other then
2 2 2 2 P(3,4)
(A)  =  (B)  =  (2,7/2) A
9 9
(2,3) S(9/4,3)
(C) 2 = 92 (D) none of these
Sol. [B]
Any tangent to the parabola y2 = 4x is x=2
1
y = mx + Equation of tangent we have of find
m
it passes through (, ) if (y – 3)2 = x – 2
1 differentiate
 = m + or m2 – m + 1 = 0 dy
m 2(y – 3) =1
it will have root m1, 2m1 if dx
 dy 1
m1 + 2m1 = =
 dx 2( y – 3)
2  dy  1
1    1   =
m1 . 2m1 =  2.   =  dx (3,4) 2
 3
  
 equation ot tangents is
2 2 1 2
 =  22 = 9  = 2 1 1
9 2  9 y–4= (x – 3)  y = 4 + (2 – 3)
2 2
PARABOLA 14

1
 1  x2 + 6x – x – 6 = 0
y=4– = 7/2
2  x(x + 6) – 1(x + 6) = 0
3 – 7 / 2 –1 / 2  (x + 6) (x – 1) = 0
 Slope of SA = = = – 2 = m1
9 1/ 4  x = 1, – 6
–2
4 when x = 1, y = ±3 x = – 6x
4 – 7/2 1 A(1, 3) & (1, –3) are common points
Slope of PA = = = m2
3–2 2 Length of common chord AB
since m1m2 = –1
AB = (6 ) 2 = 6
 SAP = /2

One or more than one correct Q.21 The equation of a common tangent to the
Part-B parabola y2 = 2x and the circle x2 + y2 + 4x = 0 is
answer type questions
(A) 2 6 x + y = 12
Q.19 A square has one vertex at the vertex of the
parabola y2 = 4ax and one of the diagonal (B) x + 2 6 y + 12 = 0
through this vertex lies along the axis of the
(C) x – 2 6 y + 12 = 0
parabola. If the ends of the other diagonal lie
on the parabola, the coordinates of the vertices (D) 2 6 x – y = 12
of the squares are Sol. [B,C]
(A) (4a, 4a) (B) (4a, –4a) Let equation of tangent of y2 = 2x is
(C) (8a, 0) (D) (4 2 a , 0) 1
y = mx +
Sol. [A,B,C] 2m
B This is also a tangent to x2 + y2 + 4x = 0
2
 1 
/4 C  x2 +  mx   + 4x = 0
A 2 m

(0,0)
1
 x2 + m2x2 + + 5x = 0
D 4m 2
AC is one diagonal along x-axis then the other 1
 x2 (1 + m2) + 5x + =0
diagonal is BD where both B and D lie on 4m 2
 D=0
parabola. Also slope of AB is tan =1
4 4(1  m 2 )
If B is (at2, 2at) then the slope of AB 25 – =0
4m 2
2at 2
= 2 = =1  100 m2 = 4 (1 + m2)
at t
 25m2 – m2 = 1
t=2
 24m2 = 1
 B is (4a, 4a) and hance D is (4a, – 4a) 1
Clearly C is (8a, 0)  m2 =
24
Q.20 Let the equations of a circle and a parabola be 1
m=±
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6 = 0 and y2 = 9x respectively. 24
Then 1
m=±
(A) (1, –1) is a point on the common chord 2 6
(B) the equation of the common chord is y + 1 = 0 1 1
y=± x± × 2 6
(C) the length of the common chord is 6 2 6 2
(D) none of these  2 6 y = ± x ± 12
Sol. [A,C]
 x – 2 6 y + 12 = 0 or – x – 2 6 y – 12 = 0
x2 + 9x – 4x – 6 = 0
 x2 + 5x – 6 = 0  x – 2 6 y + 12 = 0 or x + 2 6 y + 12 = 0

PARABOLA 15

1
 Q.24 AB, AC are tangents to a parabola y2 = 4ax. If
Q.22 The slope of a tangent to the parabola y2 = 9x  1 ,  2 ,  3 are the length of perpendicualrs
which passes through the point (4, 10) is
from A, B, C on any tangent to the parabola,
(A) 9/4 (B) 1/4 (C) 3/4 (D) 1/3 then
Sol. [A,B] (A)  1 ,  2 ,  3 are in GP
Let m be the slope of tangent to y2 = 9x (B)  2 ,  1 ,  3 are in GP
Here 4a = 9  a = 9/4
(C)  3 ,  1 ,  2 are in GP
 equation of tangent is
9 (D)  3 ,  2 ,  1 are in GP
y = mx +
4m Sol. [B,C]
it passes through (4, 10) Let the co-ordinates of B and C be (at12, 2at1) and
9 (at22, 2at2) respectively. Then the co-ordinates of A
 10 = 4m +
4m are (at1t2, (t1+t2)
 16m2 – 40m + 9 = 0 The equation of any tangent to y2 = 4ax is
40  1600 – 576 ty = x + at2
m=
32 at1t 2  a ( t1  t 2 ) t  at 2
40  32  1 =
m= 1 t2
32
72 8 at12 – 2at1  at 2
 m= or 2 =
32 32 1 t2
9 1
m= or at 22 – 2at 2  at 2
4 4 3 =
Therefore slope is 1 t2
9 1 Clearly 23 = 12
and
4 4
Therefore 2, 1, 3 are in G.P.
Q.23 A tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax is inclined at
an angle /3 with the axis of the parabola. The
point of contact is Part-C Assertion-Reason type questions
 a – 2a  The following questions 25 to 27 consists of
(A)  , 
 (B) (3a, –2 3 a)
3 3  two statements each, printed as Assertion
and Reason. While answering these
 a 2a 
(C) (3a, 2 3 a ) (D)  , 

questions you are to choose any one of the
3 3  following four responses.
Sol. [A,C,D] (A) If both Assertion and Reason are true
If the point of contact is (at2, 2at) then the tangent and the Reason is correct explanation of
is y. 2at = 2a(x + at2) the Assertion.
1 (B) If both Assertion and Reason are true
m=
t but Reason is not correct explanation of
form the questions
the Assertion.
1   1
= tan    = ± 3  t = ± (C) If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
t  3 3
(D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true
 point of contact
 a 2a  Q.25 Assertion (A) : The latus rectum is the shortest
=  , 
3 3 focal chord in a parabola y2 = 4ax.
Reason (R) : As the length of focal chord of
 a 2a   a 2a 
=  ,  and  ,–  the parabola y2 = 4ax is a(t + 1/t)2 which is
 3 3 3 3 minimum when t = ± 1.
Sol. [A]

PARABOLA 16

1
 For ‘t1’ and ‘t2’ being the ends of focal chord, we 2
 t2 1
know 2a .  
t 1 t2 = – 1  t 
= 2
= 2a
& length of chord with the ends  1
P(at2, 2at) and t  
 t
 a  2a  & Reason is false
Q 2 , 
t t  4 1 2
Latus Rectum is
2 2  1 2
 2 a   2a 
PQ =  at  2    2at  
 t   t  Q.27 Assertion (A) : Through (h, h + 1) there cannot
2 be more than one normal to the parabola y2 = 4x,
 1  1
= at   t    4 if h < 2.
 t  t Reason (R) : The point (h, h + 1) lies outside
2
 1 the parabola for all h  1.
PQ = a  t  
 t Sol. [C]
Which is minimum when t = ± 1. y2 = 4x, (h, h + 1)
That is when PQ becomes latus rectum. y2 – 4x = 0
 (h + 1)2 – 4h
Q.26 Assertion (A) : If 4 and 3 are length of two
 h2 – 2h + 1
focal segment of a focal chord of parabola then
 (h – 1)2
48
latus rectum of this parabola will be .  (h – 1)2 > 0
7
 The point (h, h + 1) lies outside the parabola
Reason (R) : If 1 and 2 are lengths of for all h  1.
segments of a focal chord of a parabola, then its Equation of normal is given by in terms of m
21 2 y = mx – 2am – am3
latus rectum is .
1   2  h + 1 = mh – 20 m –m3 [ a =1]
Sol. [C]
 y2 = 4x
P
dy
1   2y =4
dx
O R  dy  2 2
   = = = slope of tangent
2  dx  y h 1
Q h 1
Parabola : y2 = 4ax  sope of normal m = –  
Let PQ be the focal chord 2
P(at2, 2at) h + 1 = m h – 2m – m3
 a  2a  h (h  1) 2(h  1) (h  1) 3
Q 2 ,   (h + 1) = – + –
t t  2 2 8
then 1 = a + at2  8(h + 1) = – 4h – 4h + 8h + 8 – (h + 1)3
2

 (h + 1) [8 + (x + 1)2] = 4h – 4h2 + 8
a
2 = a +  (h + 1) [8 + h2 + 2h + 1] = 4h – 4h2 + 8
t2
 8h + h3 + 2h2 + h + 8 + h2 + 1 = 4h + 4h2 – 8 = 0
 2  1 
 a . (1  t 2 ) . 1  2    h3 + 7h2 + 7h + 1 = 0
2 1 2
so  2  t   (h3 + 1) + 7h (h + 1) = 0
1   2  2 1   (h + 1) (h2 – h + 1) + 7h (h + 1) = 0
 a 1  t  1  2  
  t    (h + 1) [h2 – h + 1 + 7h] = 0
 (h + 1) [h2 + 6h + 1] = 0

Part-D Column Matching type questions

PARABOLA 17

1
Q.28 In column I different equations of parabolas are Q.29 Column I Column II
given and in column II their one of the
(A) The length of the latus ractum (P) 2
parameters is given match them.
of y2 + 2x + 2by +  = 0,
Column I Column II equals
(B) If the tangents from (Q) – 2
5  point (0, 2) to y2 = 4ax
(A) Vertex of parabola (P)  , 2
4  are inclined at an angle 3/4,
x2 – 6x – 4y + 3 = 0 then a =
–5  (C) A tangent at point A (R) –1
(B) Focus of parabola (Q)  , 2 of the circle
 4 
2 (x2 + y2) – 3x + 4y = 0
y2 – 4y – 3x – 2 = 0
pass through the point
 3 P (2, 1). Then PA is equal to
(C) Mid point of vertex (R)  3, – 
 2 (D) One of the lines of (S) 1
& Focus of parabola my2 + (1 – m2) xy – mx2 = 0
(y – 2)2 = 2 (x – 1) is a bisector of the angle
(D) Point at which normal (S) (1, 2) between the lines xy = 0,
2
drawn on parabola y = 4x, then m =
makes equal angle with axis Sol. A  P; B  P,Q; C  P, D  R,S
(A) y2 + 2x + 2by +  = 0
Sol. A  R; B  Q; C  P, D  S
(y + b)2 + 2x +  – b2 = 0
(A) x2 – 6x – 4y + 3 = 0
(x – 3)2 = 4y + 6   b 2 
(y + b)2 = – 2  x  
 3  2 2 
(x – 3)2 = 4  y   
 2 so length of L.R. = 2
 3 (B) Let the equation of tangent
so vertex   3,  a
 2  y = mx +
(B) y2 – 4y – 3x – 2 = 0 m
If it passes through (0, 2),
(y – 2)2 = 3x + 6
(y – 2)2 = 3(x + 2) a a
2=  m= .
 3   5  m 2
& focus    2  , 2    , 2 also the coefficient of m2 = 0
 4   4 
2
one tangent is parallel to y-axis.
(C) (y – 2) = 2(x – 1)
vertex (1, 2)
1 
focus    1, 2 
2 
 3 
 1 2  2 
& mid point   2 , 
 2 2 
 
 
& m=±1
5  & a=±2
  , 2 
4  (C) PA = S1 = length of tangent
(D) y2 = 4x
Normal : y = mx – 2am – am3 3
where S = x2 + y2 – x + 2y
at the point (am2, – 2am) 2
But a = 1 point P  (2, 1)
& Point is (m2, – 2m) 3
the normal makes equal angle with axes & S1 = 4 + 1 – ×2+2=4
2
So m=±1 & PA = 2
& points are (1, –2) and (1, 2)
PARABOLA 18

1
(D) Bisector is x = ± y we get (1 – m2) = 0 m = ± 1
 using in my2 + (1 – m2) xy – mx2 = 0

PARABOLA 19

1
 EXERCISE # 3
Part-A Subjective Type Questions Also, the co-ordinate of A, the point of
intersection of C & D is (a, a2 – 3)
Q.1 Find the latus rectum, the vertex, the focus, Equation of the tangent  at A to the curve.
equations of the axis, the directrix and the
a2 – 3
tangent at the vertex of the parabola D : y = k x2 = x2 is
y2 – 8y – 2x + 9 = 0. a2
Sol. Given equation of parabola is 1 a2 – 3
(y + a2 – 3) = xa
y2 – 8y – 2x + 9 = 0 2 a2
 (y – 4)2 = 2x – 9 + 16 2(a 2 – 3)
 (y – 4)2 = 2x + 7 y= x – a2 + 3
a
 (y – 4)2 = 2 (x + 7/2)
The line -meets the curve C : y = x2 – 3 at the
 its length of latus rectum = 2
7 points whose x-values are given by
For vertex, y – 4 = 0 & x + =0
2 2(a 2 – 3)
x2 – 3 = x + a2 + 3
 y = 4 & x = – 7/2  vertex is (–7/2, 4) a
 its focus is given by  ax2 + (6 – 2a2)x + a3 – 6a
1  (x – a) [ax + 6 – a2] = 0
Here 4a = 2  a =
2  x = a (which represents point A)
(a + x, y) a2 – 6
or x = (which represent point B), Since the
1 7  a
=  – ,4  = (–3, 4)
2 2  x-values of B is 1, we have
 its euqation of axis is given by a2 – 6
= 1  a2 – a – 6 = 0
y–4=0 a
y=4  (a – 3) (a + 2) = 0
7 1 since a > 0,  a = 3
 its directrix is x + =–
2 2
Q.3 Find the number of points with integral
7 1
x=– – x=–4 coordinates (2a, a – 1) that fall in the interior of
2 2
the larger segment of the circle x2 + y2 = 25 cut
 its tangent at vertex is given by
off by the parabola x2 + 4y = 0. Also find their
7
x+ = 0  x = – 7/2 coordinates.
2
Sol. The region is shaded. So point (2a, a – 1) lies
Q.2 Two parabolas C and D intersect at the two inside the circle but outside the parabola.
different points, where C is y = x2 – 3 and D is
x2+y2 = 25
y = kx2. The intersection at which the x-value is
positive is designated point A, and x = a at this
intersection. The tangent line  at A to the
curve D intersects curve C at point B, other
than A. If x-value of point B is 1, then find
value of 'a'.
Sol. The given parabolas intersect at the points whose x2+4y = 0
x-values are given by kx2 = x2 – 3 & (2a)2 + (a – 1)2 – 25 < 0
since x = a( > 0) satisfies this relation , we get 5a2 – 2a – 24 < 0
a2 – 3 5a2 + 10a – 12a – 24 < 0
ka2 = a2 – 3  k =
a2 5a (a + 2) – 12 (a + 2) < 0

PARABOLA 20

1
 (a + 2) (5a – 12) < 0 P P2
+ – + AL2 = y2 where y2 = 2P. =
4 2
–2 12/5  r2 = AL2 + SL2
& a{–1, 0, 1, 2} ……(1) P2 P 2 9P 2
2
Now (2a) + 4(a – 1) > 0 = + =
2 16 16
4a2 + 4a – 4 > 0 3P
r=
4(a2 + a – 1) > 0 4
   1  5   Hence the circle is

4 a     a  1  5  > 0 2
 2  2   P 9P 2
     x –  + y2 =
 2 16
+ – +
 5 1  Q.6 Find the equation of common tangents to the
1 5   
   2  circle x2 + y2 =1 and the parabola y2 = 4x, if
 2   
  any such tangent exists.
 a
 1  5    1  5  Sol. y = mx + is equation of tangent to y2 = 4ax
& a  – ,  ,  m
 2   2 
    1
 y = mx+ is equation of tangent to y2 = 4x
& possible values of a = 1, 2 m
coordinates = (2, 0) and (4, 1) 2
 1
x2 +  mx   = 1
Q.4 Prove that in the parabola y2 = 4ax, the length of  m 
the chord passing through the vertex and inclined 1
 x2 + m2x2 + 2 + 2x – 1 = 0
to the x-axis at an angle  is (4a cos )/sin2 . m
Sol.  x = cosy = sin  1 
 x2 (1 + m2) + 2x +  2 – 1 = 0
putting y2 = 4ax m 
2 sin2 = 4a. cos D=0
 1 
4a cos   4 – 4(1 + m2)  2 – 1 = 0
= m 
sin 2 
1 – m4
1=
Q.5 From the focus of the parabola y2 = 2px as m2
centre a circle is described so that a common  1 – m4 = m2
chord of the curves is equidistant from the  m4 + m2 – 1 = 0
vertex and the focus of the parabola. Write the
– 1 1 4 –1 5
equation of the circle.  m2 = =
2 .1 2
Sol. y2 = 2px, its focus S is (P/2, 0)
circle with centre (P/2,0) is – 1 5 5 –1 4
m=± = =
(x – P/2)2 + y2 = r2 2 2 2( 5  1)
A
2
=±
r 5 1
N M
O
(0,0)
L S(P/2,0) 2 5 1
y=± x±
5 1 2
B
±
1
2
(1  5 ) y +
1
2

1 5 = 0 
We have to find the radius
AB is the common chord, (P/4, 0) is mid-point
Q.7 A variable tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax
LS = P/4 = OL = x
meets the circle x2 + y2 = r2 at P and Q. Prove
PARABOLA 21

1
 that the locus of the mid point of PQ is Q.10 The normal at a point P to the parabola y2 = 4ax
x(x2 + y2) + ay2 = 0. meets its axis at G. Q is another point on the
parabola such that QG is perpendicular to the axis
Q.8 Find the equation of the normal to the parabola of the parabola. Prove that QG2 – PG2 = constant.
y2 = 4x at the point (4, 4). Also find the point Sol. P is (at2, 2at) and G is (2a + at2, 0)
on this normal from which the other two  PG2 = 4a2 + 4a2 t2 ..........(i)
normals drawn to the parabola will be at right Q is a point on the parabola such that QG is
angles. perpendicular to axis so that its ordinate is QG
Sol. Equation of normal to y2 = 4ax is given by and abscissac is same as of G.
y = mx – 2am – am3 Hence the point Q is (2a + at2, QG)
2
Here y = 4x  4a = 4 But Q lies on the parabola y2 = 4ax
a=1  QG2 = 4a(2a + at2)
dy dy 2 = 8a2 + 4a2t2 ............(ii)
and 2y =4 =
dx dx y  QG – PG = 4a = constant
2 2 2

Hence QG2 – PG2 = constant

 dy  2 1
  = m' = =
dy
 ( 4,4) 4 2 Q.11 Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is
along x-axis and which touches the pair of lines
 slope of normal m = – 2
x2 – y2 – 2x + 1 = 0, focus being at (4, 0).
 equation of normal is
Sol. (x – 1)2 = y2
y = – 2x – 2.1 (–2) – (–2)3
 y = ± (x – 1)
 y = – 2x + 4 + 8,  y = – 2x + 12
 y = x – 1 & y = –(x – 1)
 2x + y = 12
x–y=1&x+y=1
Q.9 A circle cuts a parabola in four points. Prove
that the common chords are in pairs equally p(x, y)
inclined to the axis of the parabola. M
x + y =1
Sol. Let the circle is
S
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ........(i) (4, 0)
and parabola y2 = 4ax .........(ii)
form (i) & (ii) we get x–y=1
4 2
y gy x=1
2
+ y2 + + 2fy + c = 0
16a 2a
SP = PM  SP2 = PM2
 y4 + (16a2 + 8ag) y2 + 32 a2fy + 16a2c = 0
 (x – 4)2 + y2 = (x – 1)2
Let four points are P, Q, R, S.
 x2 + y2 – 8x + 16 = x2 + 1 – 2x
 y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 = 0
 y2 – 6x + 15 = 0  y2 = 6x – 15
 y2   y2 
 co-ordinate of P   1 , y1  , Q   2 , y 2 
 4a   4a  Q.12 If a2 > 8b2, prove that a point can be found such
   
that the two tangents from it to the parabola
 y2   y2  y2 = 4ax are normals to the parabola x2 = 4by.
R   3 , y3  S   4 , y 4 
 4a   4a 
    a
Sol. Let y = mx + be a tangent to the parabola
The line joining P & Q is m
y(y1 + y2) – 4ax – y1y2 = 0 y2 = 4ax, this can be written as
4a y a
its slope m1 = x= – 2
y1  y 2 m m
Similarly slope of joining R & S is 1 a
or x =   y – 2
4a m
  m
m2 = – = – m1
y1  y 2 This will be a normal to the parabola x2 = 4by
Hence these lines are equally inclined to the axes. –a –2 b b
if 2 = – 3
m m m
PARABOLA 22

1
  am = 2bm2 + b Part-B Passage based objective questions
 2bm2 – am + b = 0
Since m is real, therefore Passage-I (Q. 15 to 17)
D0
The coordinates of the vertex of the parabola
a2 – 8b2  0  a2  8b2
f(x) = 2x2 + px + q are (– 3, 1)
Since it is given that a2 > 8b2 therefore such a
point can be found.
Q.15 The value of p is
Q.13 The tangents from the point T to the parabola (A) 12 (B) – 12
y2 = 4ax touch at P and Q. If the chord of (C) 19 (D) – 19
contact PQ is a normal to the parabola at P,
Sol. [A] f(x) = 2x2 + px + q (given parabola)
prove that TP is bisected by the directrix of the
Its vertex = (–3, 1)
parabola. 2x2 + px + q = f(x) = y (let)
Sol. Let P be t1 and Q be t2 so that the point T is p q y
[at1 t2, a(t1 + t2)] ..........(i) x2 + x + – =0
2 2 2
Again PQ is normal at P 2
–2  p y q p2
 t 1 + t2 =  x   = – +
t1  4 2 2 16
2
if (h, k) be the mid-point of TP, then  p 1  p2 

2h = at12 + at1 t2 = at1(t1 + t2)  x   = y–q
...........(ii)
 4 2  8 

 2
= at1  –  Its vertex is given by
 t1  p
= –2a by (ii) x+ =0
4
 h = –a. if clearly lies on the directrix x = – a
p
whatever be the value of k. x=– = – 3 (given)
4
Q.14 If from the vertex of the parabola y2 = 4ax a  p = 12
pair of chords be drawn at right angles to one
another and with these chords as adjacent sides Q.16 The value of q is
a rectangle be drawn. Prove that the locus of
(A) – 19 (B) 19
the vertex of the farther angle of the rectangle
(C) – 12 (D) none of these
is the parabola y2 = 4a (x – 8a).
A(t1) Sol. [B] In above question, we get
p2
y–q+ =0
Sol. S 8
(0,0) O C(h,k)
90º
p2
y=q– = 1 (given)
8
B(t2) p2 144
q=1+ =1+ = 1 + 18 = 19
OA  OB  t1 t2 = – 4 8 8
If C is (h, k) then the diagonals of a rectangle  q = 19.
bisect each other
h + 0 = a(t12 + t22) Q.17 The parabola
k + 0 = 2a (t1+ t2) (A) touches the x-axis
 h = a [(t1 + t2)2 – 2t1t2]
(B) intersecting the x-axis in two real and
 k2  k2 distinct points
 h = a  2  8  (h – 8a) =
 4a  4a (C) lies completely above the x-axis
 locus is y2 = 4a(x – 8a) (D) lies completely below the x-axis
Sol. [C]  y = 2x2 + px + q
PARABOLA 23

1
 y = 2x2 + 12x + 19
Since its vertex is (–3, 1)
Which show that the parabola lies completely
above the x-axis.

Passage-II (Q. 18 to 20)

y = x is tangent to the parabola y = ax2 + c

Q.18 If a = 2, then the value of c is

1 1 1
(A) (B) – (C) (D) 1
8 2 2
Sol. [A] y = x is tangent to y = ax2 + c
 x = ax2 + c
 ax2 – x + c = 0
D=0
 1 – 4 ac = 0
 4ac = 1
It a = 2, then
1
c= .
8

Q.19 If (1, 1) is point of contact then a is –

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6
Sol. [A] (1, 1) is point of contact, therefore
1=a+c ...(i)
1
and 4ac = 1  c = ...(ii)
4a
from (1) and (2), we get
1
1=a+
4a
 4a = 4a2 + 1  4a2 – 4a + 1 = 0
1
 (2a – 1)2 = 0  2a = 1  a = .
2

Q.20 If c = 2, then point of contact is

(A) (2, 2) (B) (4, 4)
(C) (6, 6) (D) (3, 3)
Sol. [B] If c = 2, then y = ax2 + 2
 ax2 – x + 2 = 0
1
 1 – 4a.2 = 0  a =
8
x2
y= + 2,
8
x2 – 8x + 16 = 0
(x – 4)2 = 0  x = 4.

PARABOLA 24

1
 EXERCISE # 4
 Old IIT-JEE questions 8 k
or x– =–
k 4
Q.1 Consider a circle with centre lying on the focus 8 k
of the parabola y2 = 2px such that it touches the or x= –
k 4
directrix of the parabola. Then a point of
32 – k 2
intersection of the circle and the parabola is comparing with x = 1, we get 1 =
4k
[IIT-95]
or k2 + 4k – 32 = 0
(A) (p/2, p) (B) (p/2, –p)
 (k + 8) (k – 4) = 0
(C) (–p/2, p) (D) (–p/2, –p)
k=4
Sol. [A,B]
and k = – 8 is also true but not given in any of
 4a = 2p
four choices.
 a = p/2 Therefore k = 4
centre (a, 0) = (p/2, 0)
Q.4 Let C1 and C2 be, respectively, the parabolas
equation of circle is (x–p/2)2 + y2= r2
x2 = y – 1 and y2 = x – 1. Let P be any point on
it touches directrix x + a = 0 or x + p/2 = 0
C1 and Q be any point on C2. Let P1 and Q1 be
 condition of tangency gives p = r the reflections of P and Q, respectively, with
2 respect to the line y = x. Prove that P1 lies on
 p
  x –  + y2 = p2 C2, Q1 lies on C1 and PQ > min {PP1, QQ1}.
 2
Hence or otherwise determine points P 0 and Q0
and y2 = 2px
on the parabola C1 and C2 respectively such
on solving above equations
that P0Q0  PQ for all pairs (P, Q) with P on C1
we get the points as
and Q on C2. [IIT - 2000]
(p/2, p) and (p/2, – p)
Sol. Let co-ordinates of P be (t, t2 + 1)
Q.2 If x + y = k is normal to y2 = 12x, then k is- Reflection of P in y = x is P1 (t2+1, t)
[IIT-Screening -2000] Which clearly lies on y2 = x –1
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) –9 (D) –3 Similarly, let co-ordinates of Q b (s2 + 1, s)
Sol. [B] its reflection of y = x is Q1 (s, s2 + 1) which lies
y = mx + c is a normal to y2 = 4ax if on x2 = y – 1
c = – 2am – am2 C1
y x2 = y – 1
y=x
Here 4a = 12  a = 3 P2
y=–x+k  m = – 1, c = k Q1 P1
 k = – 6(–1) – 3 (–1) y2 = x – 1
(0,1)
k=6+3 Q
x
=9 O (1,0)

Q.3 If the line x – 1 = 0 is the directrix of the C2

parabola y2 – kx + 8 = 0, then one of the values
of k is- [IIT-Screening -2000] We have,
(A) 1/8 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 1/4 PQ12 = (t – s)2 + (t2 – s2)2 = P1Q2
Sol. [C]  PQ1 = P1Q
Parabola is y2 – kx + 8 = 0
Also PP1 || QQ1 [both  to y = x]
 8
y2 = k  x –  Thus PP1 QQ1 is an Isosceles trapezium.
 k  Also P lies on PQ1 and Q lies on P1Q we have PQ
 y2 = 4Ax  min of {PP1, QQ1}.
8 Let us take min {PP1,QQ1} = PP1
where 4A = k, Y = y, X = x –
k  PQ2  PP12 = (t2 + 1 – t)2 + (t2 + 1 – t)2
its directrix is X = – A = 2(t2 + 1 – t)2 = f(t) (say)
PARABOLA 25

1
 we have, f '(t) = 4 (t2 + 1 – t) (2t – 1) 3 3
(A) x = – 1 (B) x = 1(C) x = – (D) x =
 1  2 3  2 2
= 4  t –    [2t – 1] Sol. [D]
 2  4
 y2 + 4y + 4x + 2 = 0
Now, f '(t) = 0  (y + 2)2 + 4x – 2 = 0
 t = 1/2 y
Also f '(t) < 0 for t < 1/2
1
and f'(t) > 0 for t <
2 x
S A(0,0)
1
Thus f(t) is least when t =
2
1 1 5  1
corresponding to t = , point P0 on C1 is  ,   (y + 2)2 = – 4  x – 
2 2 4 2

and P1 (which we taken as Q0) and C2 are (5/4,
1
1/2) replace y + 2 = Y & x – =X
2
Note that P0Q0  PQ for all pairs of (P, Q) with P
y
on C1and Q on C2.

Q.5 Above x-axis, the equation of the common

tangents to the circle (x – 3)2 + y2 = 9 and x
O
parabola y2 = 4x is- [IIT-Screening -2001]
A'  1 ,–2 
(A) 3 y = 3x + 1 (B) 3 y = – (x + 3) 2 
(C) 3 y=x+3 (D) 3 y = – (3x + 1)
We have Y2 = – 4x
Sol. [C]
This is a parabola with directrix at x = 1
Any tangent to the parabola y2 = 4x is
1
1 x– = 1  x = 3/2
y = mx + (a = 1) 2
m
or m2x – my + 1 = 0 ........(i)
Q.7 The locus of the mid-point of the line segment
Apply p = r, the condition of tangency with given
circle (3, 0), 3 joining the focus to a moving point on the
parabola y2 = 4ax is another parabola with
3m 2  1
 =3 directrix- [IIT-Screening -2002]
m4  m2 (A) x = – a (B) x = –a/2
 (3m2 + 1)2 = 9 (m4 + m2) (C) x = 0 (D) x = a/2
1 Sol. [C]
or 3m2 = 1 m=±
3 Let P(h, k) be the mid-point of the line segment
Since the tangent touches the parabola above joining the focus (a, 0) and a general point
Q (x, y) on the parabola, then
x-axis, it will make an acute angle with x-axis so
xa y
that tan = m = + ve h= ,k=
1 2 2
Hence we choose m =  x = 2h – a, y = 2k
3
Put these value in y2 = 4ax, we get
1 4k2 = 4a(2h – a)
from (i) put m = , we get
3  4k2 = 8ah – 4a2
x– 3y + 3 = 0  k2 = 2ah – a2
So locus of P(h, k) is
 3y = x + 3 y2 = 2ax – a2
 a
Q.6 The equation of the directrix of the parabola  y2 = 2a  x – 
y2 + 4y + 4x + 2 = 0 is- [IIT-Screening -2001]  2

PARABOLA 26

1
 its directrix is –k
 m3 = it must satisfy (i)
a a 
x– + =0
2 2 k3 k
x=0 – 3
(2 – h) + k = 0  k2 = 2h – 22 + 3
–
 
Q.8 If focal chord of y2 = 16x touches (x – 6) 2 + y2 = 2, comparing with y2 = 4x
then slope of such chord is [IIT-2003]  2 = 4 and – 22 + 3 = 0   = 2
 1 Q.10 Angle between the tangents drawn from (1, 4) to
(A) (1, –1) (B)  2, – 
 2 the parabola y2 = 4x is– [IIT-Screening -2004]
1  (A) /2 (B) /3 (C) /6 (D) /4
(C)  , – 2  (D) (2, –2)
 2  Sol. [B]
Any tangent to parabola y2 = 4x is
Sol. [A]
Here the focal chord to y2 = 16x is tangent to the 1
y = mx + ( a = 1)
given circle (x – 6)2 + y2 = 2 m
 focus of parabola as (a, 0) i.e. (4, 0) it passes through (1, 4)
Now, tangents are drawn form (4, 0) to the circle  m2 – 4m + 1 = 0
(x – 6)2 + y2 = 2 m – m2
 tan = 1
Since, DA is tangent to circle 1  m1m 2
= tan = slope of tangent 16 – 4
= = 3
AC 2 11
= = =1
AP 2 
=
BC 3
or =–1
BP
Q.11 A tangent is drawn at any point P on the
 slope of focal chord as tangent to circle = 1
parabola y2 – 2y – 4x + 5 = 0, which meets the
 (1, –1)
directrix at Q. Find the locus of point R which
Q.9 Normals with slopes m1, m2 & m3 are drawn 1
divides QP externally in : 1. [IIT - 2004]
from a point P, not on the axes, to the parabola 2
y2 = 4x. If the locus of P under the condition Sol. Here, y2 – 2y = 4x – 5
m1m2 =  is a part of the parabola, determine or (y – 1)2 = 4(x –1)
the value of . [IIT - 2003] whose parametric co-ordinates are
Sol. We know equation of normal to y2 = 4ax is given x – 1 = t2 and y – 1 = 2t
by y = mx– 2am – am3 or P(1 + t2, 1 + 2t)
Thus equation of normal to y2 = 4x is  Equation of tangent at P is
y = mx – 2m – m3 (Here a =1) t(y – 1) = x – 1 + t2, which meet the directrix
Let it pass through (h, k) x = 0 at Q
 k = mh – 2m – m3 1  1
y = 1+t – or Q =  0,1  t – 
or m3 + m(2 – h) + k = 0 ..........(i) t  t
Here m1 + m2 + m3 = 0 Let R(h, k) which divides QP externally in the
m1m2 + m2m3 + m3m1 = 2 – h 1
m1m2 m3 = – k where m1m2 = (given) ratio : 1 or Q is mid-point of RP.
2
k
 m3 = – It must satisfy (i) h  t2 1
 0= or t2 = – (h + 1) ......(i)
2
k3 k 1 k  2t  1 2
– 3
– (2 – h) + k = 0 ...........(i) and 1 + t – = or t = .......(ii)
  t 2 1– k
Here m1 + m2 + m3 = 0  From equation (i) & (ii)
m1m2 + m2m3 + m3m1 = 2 – h 4
m1m2m3 = – k where m1 m2 =  (given) + (h + 1) = 0
(1 – k ) 2

PARABOLA 27

1
 or (k – 1)2 (h + 1) + 4 = 0 The directrix must be x + y = 0
 locus is (y – 1)2 (x + 1) + 4 = 0 By definition equation of parabola
 4 + (x + 1) (1 – y)2 = 0 xy
= ( x – 2) 2  ( y – 2) 2
2
Q.12 A tangent at any point P (1, 7) the parabola
y = x2 + 6, which is touching to the circle x+y= 2 . ( x – 2) 2  ( y – 2) 2
x2 + y2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0 at point Q, then Q is  (x + y)2 = 2 {x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 8}
[IIT-Screening -2005]  x2 + y2 + 2xy = 2x2 + 2y2 – 8x – 8y + 16
(A) (–6, –7) (B) (–10, –15)  x2 + y2 – 2xy – 8x – 8y + 16 = 0
(C) (–9, –7) (D) (–6, –3)  x2 + y2 – 2xy = 8x + 8y – 16
Sol. [A]
 (x – y)2 = 8 (x + y – 2)
y = x2 + 6
Q.14 The equation(s) of common tangent(s) to the
dy
m= = 2x parabola y = x2 and y = – (x – 2) 2 [IIT-2006]
dx
(A) y = –4 (x –1) (B) y = 0
 dy  (C) y = 4 (x – 1) (D) y = –30x – 50
   =2
 dx  P (1,7 ) Sol. [C]
m=2 Let the common tangent by y = mx + c
equation of tanget y – 7 = 2 (x – 1) then both the quadratic equations
 y – 7 = 2x + 2 mx + c = x2 and mx + c = c – (x – 2)2 must have
 2x – y + 5 = 0 ..........(i) equal roots giving easily
This line touches the given circle m2 = – 4c, (m – 4)2 = c + 4
on eliminating c, we get
(–8,–6) 2m2 – 8m = 0
C  2m (m – 4) = 0
 m = 0, 4
equation of CQ which is perpendicular to  c = 0, when m = 0
2x – y + 5 = 0 and C = – 4 when m = 4
x + 2y +  = 0  y = 0 and y = 4(x – 1)
This passes (–8, – 6) Q.15 Three normals drawn at P,Q and R on the
 – 8 – 12 +  = 0   = 20 parabola y2 = 4x intersect at (3, 0). Then
 x +2y + 20 = 0 .............(ii) [IIT-2006]
from (i) & (ii), we find point of intersection i.e. Q Column 1 Column 2
is
(A) Radius of circumcircle (P) 5/2
2x – y + 5 = 0
2x + 4y + 40 = 0 of  PQR
– – – (B) Area of  PQR (Q) (5/2,0)
– 5y = 35 (C) Centroid of  PQR (R) (2/3, 0)
y=–7 (D) Circumcentre of  PQR (S) 2
12 Sol. A  P, B  S, C  R, D  Q
x=– =–6  (– 6, – 7)
2 Any normal is y + tx = 2t + t3
If passes through [3, 0] then t3 – t = 0
Q.13 The axis of parabola is along the line y = x and  t = 0, 1, –1
the distance of vertex from origin is 2 and that
 P, Q , R are (0, 0),(1, 2) and (1, –2)
from its focus is 22. If vertex and focus both
 x  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3 
lie in the first quadrant, so the equation of centroid is  1 , 
parabola is [IIT- 2006]  3 3 
(A) (x – y) 2 = 16(x + y –2)  0 11 0  2 – 2   2 
= ,  =  ,0 
(B) (x – y) 2 = 4(x + y –2)  3 3  3 
(C) (x – y) 2 = (x + y –2)
(D) (x – y) 2 = (x – y –2)
Sol. [A]
PARABOLA 28

1
 Q(1,2)  2a 
(A) vertex is  ,0  (B) directrix is x = 0
 3 
N M 2a
P (1,0) (C) latus rectum is (D) focus is (a, 0)
3
(0,0)
Sol. [A, D]
R(1,–2)
P(at2, 2at)
Now area of PQR
1
= × base × height
2
1 T(–at2, 0) N(2a + at2, 0)
= × QR × MP
2
1
= ×4×1 ty = x + at2
2 y = –tx + 2at + at3
= 2 sq. units
Now circum centre is point intersection of right at 2  at 2  2a  at 2 2at  0  0
h= ,k=
bisectors PM is one of them (y = 0) 3 3
1  3k
Now slope PQ = 2 and N is  ,1 3h = a (2 + t2), t=
2  2a
 Equation of another right bisector is –  9k 2 
 3h = a  2  2 
1  1  4a 
y–1=– x –  
2  2
 12 ah = 8a2 + 9k2
 2x + 4y = 5  9y2 = 12ax – 8a2
 Point of intersection of two bisectors is (5/2,1)
4a  2 
5   y2 = x  a
 circumcentre is  ,1 and its distance from 3  3 
2 
 2a  a
vertex P is circum radius which is 5/2. vertex  , 0  directrix x =
 3  3
Q.16 Consider the two curves [IIT-2008] 4a
Latus rectum , Focus (a, 0)
C1 : y2 = 4x 3
C2 : x2 + y2 – 6x + 1 = 0 Q.18 Let A and B be two distinct points on the
Then, parabola y2 = 4x. If the axis of the parabola
(A) C1 and C2 touch each other only at one touches a circle of radius r having AB as its
point diameter, then the slope of the line joining A
(B) C1 and C2 touch each other exactly at two and B can be - [IIT-2010]
points 1 1 2 2
(C) C1 and C2 intersect (but do not touch) at (A)  (B) (C) (D) 
r r r r
exactly two points
(D) C1 and C2 neither intersect nor touch Sol. [C, D]
each other   
Let A t12 , 2 t1 B t 22 , 2t 2 
Sol. [B] 2( t 2  t1 ) 2
On solving the given two curves C1 and C2 we get Slope = =
t 22  t12
t1  t 2
the points of tangency (1, ± 2).
Equation of circle will be
Q.17 The tangent PT and the normal PN to the ( x  t12 ) ( x  t 22 ) + ( y  2t1 ) ( y  2t 2 ) = 0
parabola y2 = 4ax at a point P on it meet its axis
at points T and N, respectively. The locus of x 2  y 2 – x ( t12  t 22 ) – 2 y( t1  t 2 ) + t12 t 22 + 4t1t2
the centroid of the triangle PTN is a parabola =0
whose : [IIT-2009] As it touches x axis so

PARABOLA 29

1
 ( t12  t 22 ) 2 y = x – 3, y = 2x –12 and y = –3x + 33
t12 t 22 + 4t1t2 =
4
Q.21 Consider the parabola y2 = 8x. Let 1 be the
4 t12 t 22 + 16 t1t2 = t14  t 42 + 2 t12 t 22
area of the triangle formed by the end points of
t 2
1  t 22 
2
= 16 t1t2 . . . (1) 1 
its latus rectum and the point P  , 2  on the
AB is diameter so 2 
( t 12  t 22 ) 2 + 4 (t1– t2)2 = 4r2 . . . (2) parabola, and 2 be the area of the triangle
From (1) and (2) formed by drawing tangents at P and at the end
4 t1 t2 + (t1– t2)2 = r2 
points of the latus rectum. Then 1 is
(t1+ t2)2 = r2 2
t1+ t2 =  r [IIT-2011]
2 Sol. [2]
  Slope = 
r It is a property that area of triangle formed by
joining three points lying on parabola is twice
Q. 19 Let (x, y) be any point on the parabola y2 = 4x.
the area of triangle formed by tangents at these
Let P be the point that divides the line segment
points
from (0, 0) to (x, y) in the ratio 1 : 3. Then the
Alternate : y2 = 8x
locus of P is [IIT-2011]
2
(A) x = y 2
(B) y = 2x 1 
P  , 2
(C) y2 = x (D) x2 = 2y 2 
Sol. [C] (2, 4)A
•
P
t2 2t • 3/2
h= ,k=
4 4 •
(t2, 2t)
3 B(2, –4)
1 • P(h, k) 1 1 3
1 = |Base × Height| = × × 8 = 6
(0, 0) 2 2 2
Also
1 
t2 = 4h, t = 2k Equation of tangent at P  , 2 
so 4k2 = 4h 2 
 k2 = h
hence required locus is y2 = x
•
2
•P
Q.20 Let L be a normal to the parabola y = 4x. If L •
passes through the point (9, 6), then L is given •
by [IIT-2011]
(A) y – x + 3 = 0 (B) y + 3x – 33 = 0
(C) y + x – 15 = 0 (D) y – 2x + 12 = 0  1
Sol. [A. B, D] y (2) = 4.  x  
 2
y = mx – 2m – m3 y = 2x + 1 ….(1)
It passes through (9, 6) Tangent at A : y = x + 2
6 = 9m –2m – m3
Tangent at B : – y = + x + 2  y = – x – 2
m3 – 7m + 6 = 0
Point of intersection
(m –1) (m –2) (m + 3) = 0
L(–2, 0), M (1, 3), N (–1, –1)
m = –3, 1, 2
Hence equations will be

PARABOLA 30

1
 2 0 1
1 1
2 = 1 3 1 =| [–2(4) + (–1 + 3)]|
2 2
1 1 1
1
= [8  3  1] = 3
2
1 6
So, = =2
2 3

Q.22 Let S be the focus of the parabola y2 = 8x and let

PQ be the common chord of the circle x2 + y2 –
2x – 4y = 0 and the given parabola. The area of
the triangle PQS is [IIT-2012]
Sol. [4] (x –1)2 + (y –2)2 = ( 5 )2
y
y2 = 8x
P
(2, 4)

Q S (2, 0)

x2 + 8x – 2x – 4.2 2x = 0
x2 + 6x – 8 2x = 0
x3/2 + 6x1/2 – 8 2 = 0
x1/2 = t
t3 + 6t – 8 2 = 0
(t – 2 ) (t2 – 2 t + 4) = 0
t= 2 x=2
y=4
P(2, 4) Q(0, 0) S(2, 0)
1
Area PQS = × 2 × 4 = 4
2

PARABOLA 31

1
 EXERCISE # 5
Q.1 If (a2, a – 2) be a point interior to the region of Since normal passes through (c, 0)
the parabola y2 = 2x bounded by the chord m m3
joining the points (2, 2) and (8, –4) then find  mc – – =0
2 4
the set of all possible real values of a.  1 m 2 
Sol. If P(a2, a–2) lies inside the parabola, then  m c – – =0
 2 4 
(a – 2)2 – 2a2 < 0 
 a2 – 4a + 4 – 2a2 < 0  1
 m = 0 or m2 = 4  c – 
 –a2 – 4a + 4 < 0  2
 a2 + 4a – 4 > 0 m = 0 shows normal is y = 0
 (a + 2)2 – 2 2  2 > 0 Also, m2  0
1
 a + 2 < – 2 2 or a+ 2 > 2 2 .......(i) c– 0
2
1
y y2=2x
c
2
(2,2)
1
P(a2,a–2) at c = m=0
2
O (4, 0)  for normals other than x-axis
1
c>
(8,– 4) 2
x + y– 4 = 0 Now for other normals to be perpendicularer to
each other, we must have m1m2 = – 1
 a < – 2 – 2 2 or a > 2 2 – 2
m2 1 
Since point P(a2, a – 2) and the originO (0, 0) are or +  – c  = –1 has m1m2 = – 1
4 2 
on the same side of the chord joining (2, 2) and
(8, – 4), therefore (0 + 0 – 4) (a2+a–2–4)>0 1 
 – c
2
 a2 + a – 6 < 0    =–1
 (a + 3) (a – 2) < 0 1/ 4
–3<a<2 ...............(ii) 1 1 1 1
 –c=– –c=– –
Also, – 4 < a – 2 < 2 and 0 < a2 < 8 2 4 4 2
 – 2 < a < 4 and – 2 2 < a < 2 2 3
c=
4
–2<a<2 2 ..............(iii)
Q.3 Through the vertex O of parabola y2 = 4x,
From (i), (ii) & (iii) we get chords OP and OQ are drawn at right angles to
–2<a<–2+ 2 one another. Show that all positions of P, PQ
cuts the axis of the parabola at a fixed point.
Hence a  (–2, –2 + 2)
Also find the locus of the middle point of PQ.
Q.2 Three normals are drawn from the point (c, 0) [IIT 1994]
to the curve y2 = x. Show that c must be greater Sol. Let the equation of chord OP be y = mx
than 1/2. One normal is always the x-axis. Find 1
Then equation of chord will be y = – x
c for which the other two normals are m
perpendicular to each other. [IIT 1991] P is point of intersection of y = mx and y2 = 4x
Sol. We know that normal for y2 = 4ax is given by  y y
solving the two, we get P  2 , 
y = mx – 2am – am3, here a = 1/4 m m
 normal for y2 = x 1
Q is point of intersection of y = – and y2 = 4x
m m3 mn
 y = mx – –
2 4
PARABOLA 32

1
 y P 2( t 2 – t1 ) 2
m= =
( t 2 – t1 )(t 2  t1 ) t 2  t1
x 2
O But m = 2,  2 =
t 2  t1
Q  t 1 + t2 = 1 ..........(i)
y2 = 4x
Let P(h, k) be a point on AB such that it divides
Solving the two, we get AB inernally in the ratio 1 : 2,
Q (4m2, – 4m)
2t12  t 22 2(2 t1 )  2 t 2
Now, equation of PQ is Then h = and k =
4 2 1 2 1
 4m  3h = 2t12 + t22 ..............(ii)
y + 4m = m (x – 4m2)  3k = 4t1 + 2t2 ..............(iii)
4 2
– 4m substituting value of t1 from (i) in (iii)
m2
m 3k = 4(1 – t2) + 2t2  3k = 4 – 2t2
 y + 4m = (x – 4m2) 3k
1 – m2  2t2 = 4 – 3k  t2 = 2 – ............(iv)
 (1 – m2)y + 4m – 4m3 = mx – 4m3 2
 mx – (1 – m2)y – 4m = 0 Substituting t1 = 1 – t2 in (ii),we get
This line meets x-axis, where y = 0 3h = 2 (1 – t2)2 + t22 = 2(1 – 2t2 + t22) + t22
i.e x = 4  OL = 4 which is constant as = 2 – 4t2 + 2 t22 + t22 = 3 t22 – 4t2 + 2
independent of m. 2
 4 2  2 2
Again let (h, k) be the mid-point of PQ, then = 3  t 22 – t 2   = 3  t 2 –  +
 3 3  3 3
4 4
4m 2  2 – 4m 2
h= m and k = m 2  2
 3h – = 3  t2 – 
2 2 3  3
 2 1  1  2
 h = 2  m  2  and k = 2  – m   2  3k 2 
 m  m   3 h –  = 3 2 – 2 – 3  .....form (iv)
 9  
 1
2  1  2
 h = 2  m –   2 and k = 2  – m   2  4 3k 
 m    m   3 h –  =3 3 – 2 
 9  
Eliminating m, we get 2
2h = k2 + 8 or k2 = 2h – 8 or k2 = 2(h – 4)  2 9  8
 h –  = k – 9 
 locus is  9 4  
y2= 2 (x – 4) 2
 8 4  2
 k –  = h – 
Q.4 Show that the locus of a point that divides a  9  9  9
chord of slope 2 of the parabola y2 = 4x  locus is
internally in the ratio 1 : 2 is a parabola. Find 2
the vertex of this parabola. [IIT 1995]  8 4  2
y –  = x – 
Sol. Let A(t12, 2t1) and B(t22, 2t2) be co-ordinates of  9  9  9 
the end point of a chord of the parabola y2 = 4x This repersents a parabola whose vertex
having slope 2. 2 8
is x – =0&y– =0
2t – 2t 9 9
Now, slope of AB is m = 22 2 1
t 2 – t1 2 8
x= &y=
9 9
A(t12,2t1)
2 8
1 vertex is  , 
P(h,k) 9 9
2
O
Q.5 A ray of light is coming along the line y = b
from the positive direction of x-axis & strikes a
concave mirror whose intersection with the xy
PARABOLA 33

1
 plane is a parabola y2 = 4ax. Find the equation formed by the common tangents, the chord
of the reflected ray & show that it passes of contact of the circle & the chord of
through the focus of the parabola. Both a & b contact of the parabola. [IIT 1996]
are positive. [IIT 1995] Sol.
b 
2 (a) Let the three point on the parabola be
Sol. y = b meets the parabola y2 = 4ax at P  , b  A(at12, 2at1), B (at22, 2at2) and C(at32, 2at3)
 4a 
  Equation of the tangent to the parabola at
diffrentiate y2 = 4ax w.r.t x (at2, 2at) is
dy ty = x + at2
2y = 4a
dx Therefore equations of tangent at A and B are
dy 4a t1y = x + at12 .............(i)
 =
dx 2y t2y = x + at22 .............(ii)
solving (i) & (ii) simultfaneously, we get
–2 y –y –b
 slope of normal = = = t1y = t2y – at22 + at12
4a 2a 2a
t1y – t2y = at12 – at22
normal
reflect(m) y(t1 – t2) = a(t1 – t2)(t1 + t2)
(–b/2a)
 y = a (t1+t2) ( t1  t2)
Inci(O) y=b
P and t1a(t1+ t2) = x + at12
 x = at12 + at1t2 – at12
 x = at1t2
Therefore, co-ordinate of P are (at1t2, a(t1 + t2))
similarly, the co-ordinates of Q and R are
Incident normal Reflected
respetively [at2t3, a(t2+t3)] and [at1t2, a (t1+t3)]
slope (O) (–b/2a) (m)
Let 1 = Area of the ABC
Since the lines are equally inclined to normal
at12 2at1 1
Therefore 1
0 – (– b / 2a ) – m – (– b / 2a ) = at 22 2at 2 1
= 2
1  0(– b / 2a ) 1  m(– b / 2a ) at 32 2at 3 1
b 2am  b applying R3  R3 – R2 and R2R2 – R1, weget
or =–
2a 2a – mb
at12 2at1 1
or 2ab – mb2 = – 4a2m – 2ab 1 2 2
or 4ab = (b2–4a2)m 1 = a ( t 2 – t1 ) 2a ( t 2 – t1 ) 0
2
4ab a ( t 32 – t 22 ) 2a ( t 3 – t 2 ) 0
or m = 2
b – 4a 2 1 = a2|(t2 – t1)(t3 – t2)(t1 – t3)|
Hence equation of reflected ray through P is Next let 2 = area of the PQR
 2
at1t 2 a ( t1  t 2 ) 1
y–b= 2
4ab x – b  1
b – 4a 2  4a  = at 2 t 3 a ( t 2  t 3 ) 1
2
It is satisfied by the point (a, 0) i.e. focus of the at 3 t1 a ( t 3  t1 ) 1
parabola. t1t 2 t1  t 2 1
1
= a.a. t 2 t 3 t2  t3 1
Q.6 (a) Points A, B and C lie on the parabola 2
t 3 t1 t 3  t1 1
y2 = 4ax. The tangents to the parabola at A, B
Applying R3R3 – R2, R2  R2 – R1, weget
& C taken in pairs, intersect at points P,
Q & R. Determine the ratio of the areas t1t 2 t1  t 2 1
a2
of the triangles ABC & PQR. t 2 ( t 3 – t1 ) t 3 – t 2 0
2
(b) From a point A common tangents drawn to t 3 ( t1 – t 2 ) t1 – t 2 0
the circle x2 + y2 = (a2/2) and parabola a2
y2 = 4ax. Find the area of the quadrilateral = |(t3–t1) (t1 – t2)(t2 – t3)|
2
PARABOLA 34

1
 1 a 2 | ( t – t )( t – t )( t – t ) | and we know that DE is the latus rectum of
  = 2 2 1 3 2 1 3 =2 parabola so its lenght is 4a.
2 a
| ( t 3 – t1 )( t1 – t 2 )( t 2 – t 3 ) | Thus area of the trapezium BCDE
2
1
 = (BC + DE) (KL)
  1 =2:1 2
2 2
1  3a  15a
= (a + 4a)  =
(b) Equation of any tangent to the parabola 2  2  4
a
y2 = 4ax is y = mx +
m Q.7 Find the locus of the point of intersection of
a2 those normals to the parabola x2 = 8y which are
This line will touch the circle x2 + y2 = at right angles to each other. [IIT 1997]
2
E Sol. Any normal to y2 = 4ax is
x=– a y = mx – 2am – am3
2 x=a Any normal to x2 = 4ay is obtained from above
x by interchanging x and y.
A K L  Normal to x2 = 8y (Here a = 2) is
(–a,0) x = my – 4m – 2m3
If it passes through (h, k) then
h = mk – 4m – 2m3
a
2
a2 2 or 2m + 0.m2 + m(4 – k) + h = 0 ..............(i)
3

If   = (m + 1) Above shows that three normal will pass through

m 2
(h, k). If two of them are perpendicular then m2m3
1 1 h
 2 = (m2 + 1)  2 = m4 + m2 = – 1. But m1m2m3 = –
m 2 2
 (m – 1) (m2 + 2) = 0
2
h h
 m2 – 1= 0, m2 = – 2 (Not possible)  – m1 = – or m1 =
2 2
m=±1 since m1 is root of (i), It will satisfy it.
Therefore, two common tangents are  h3  h
y = x + a and y = – x – a 2   + (4 – k) + h = 0
 8  2
There two intersect at A(–a,0)  
The chord of contact of A(–a, 0) for the circle or h2 + 2(4 – k) + 4 = 0
a2 or h2 – 2k + 12 = 0
x2 + y2 = is (–a)x + 0.y = a2/2 or x = –a/2  locus is given by
2
and chord of contact of A(–a, 0) for the parabola x2 – 2y + 12 = 0
y2 = 4ax is 0.y = 2a(x – a) or x = a
Again lenght of BC = 2Bk = 2 OB2 – OK 2

a2 a2 a2 a
=2 – =2 = 2. =a
2 4 4 2

PARABOLA 35

1
 ANSWERKEY
EXERCISE # 1
Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Ans. A C D C A A B C D B D A B C A A
Ques. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Ans. B D A C C B B D C A B A D D B A

EXERCISE # 2
(PART-A)
Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ans. C D C B B C B D C A D C D B B B C B

(PART-B)
Ques. 19 20 21 22 23 24
Ans. A,B,C A,C B,C A,B A,D B,C

(PART-C)
Ques. 25 26 27
Ans. A C B

(PART-D)
28. A  R, B  Q, C  P, D  S 29. A  P, B  P,Q, C  P, D  R, S

EXERCISE # 3
1. 2, (–7/2, 4), (–3, 4), y = 4, x = –4 and x = –7/2 2. 3 3. Two ; (2, 0); (4, 1)
2
 p
5.  x   + y2 =
2
9p 2
16
6. x ±
1
2
1 5 y +
1
2

(1 + 5)=0


8. y + 2x = 12 ; (7, – 2) 11. y2 = 6x – 15
15. (A) 16. (B) 17. (C)
18. (A) 19. (A) 20. (B)

PARABOLA 36

1
 EXERCISE # 4
1. (A,B) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. P0 = (1/2, 5/4), Q0 = (5/4, 1/2) 5. (C) 6. (D)
7. (C) 8. (A) 9.  = 2 10. (B) 11. 4 + (x + 1) (1 – y)2 = 0 12. (A)

13. (A) 14. (B,C) 15. A  P, B  S, C  R, D  Q 16. (B) 17. (A, D)

18. (C, D) 19. (C) 20. (A,B,D) 21. 2 22. 4

EXERCISE # 5
3
1. (–2 + 2 2 , 2) 2. c = 3. y2 = 2 (x – 4)
4
2
4  2  8 2 8 15a 2
4.  x   =  y   , vertex  ,  5. 4abx + (4a2 – b2) y – 4a2 b = 0 6. (a) 2 : 1 (b)
9  9  9 9 9 4

7. x2 + 2 (4 – y) + 4 = 0

PARABOLA 37