Example: CIRCLE AT

x² + y² = 16
CENTER (0,0)
Step 1: Find the Center.
c ( 0,0 ) Standard Equation:

Step 2: Find the Radius.

r=√16
x² + y² = r²
r= 4
Example Graph:
x² + y² = 8
c (0,0)
r= 2√2 2
4
8 2
2

c= (0,0) r=4

Circle at the origin (focus of all

points whose distance from the
fixed point (center)
is equal to any point around it.
 Example: CIRCLE AT
(x-2)²+ (y-1)² = 16
CENTER (H,K)
Step 1: Find the Center.
c ( 2,1) Change only the signs Standard Equation:

Step 2: Find the Radius.

(x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²
r=√16
r= 4
Example Graph:
(x-3/2)² + (y-1/2)² = 56
c (3/2,1/2)
r= 2√14
2
4
2
56 14

c= (2,-1) r=4

In this circle, the (h,k) are the

center of a circle. Where the "h"
is x and the "k" is y.
 STANDARD FORM
Example: TO GENERAL
FORM OF THE
(x+2)²+ (y-3)² = 64 EQUATION OF A
Step 1: Expand.
CIRCLE
x²+4x+4+y²-6y+9=64
Standard Form:
Transpose

x²+4x+4+y²-6y+9-64=0 (x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²

Step 2: Arrange into General Form:
general form and Add or x²+y²+Dx+Ey+F=0
subtract the same variables.
x²+y²+4x-6y-51=0
(x-2)² - (y+1)² =24
x²-4x+4+y²+y+1=24
x²-4x+4+y²+y+1-24=0
x²+y²-4x+y-19=0

In this chapter, the standard

form of a circle will be changed
to general form
 GENERAL FORM
Example: TO STANDARD
FORM OF THE
x²+y²-10x+4y-7=0 EQUATION OF A
CIRCLE
Transpose
Step 1: Rearrange.
x²+10x+y²-4y=7 Standard Form:
Step 2: Group.
(x²-10x+_) +(y²-4y+_)= 7 +_+_
(x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²
Step 3: Get the middle term. General Form:

Divide by 2, and multiply by (x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²

itself.
(x²-10x+25) +(y²-4y+4)= 7 +25+4
Step 3: Write in a square of
binomial.
(x-5)² + (y+2)²=36
Step 4: Find the center and
radius.
c(5,-2) r=6

In this chapter, the general form

of a circle will be changed to
standard form
 FINDING
Example: ENDPOINTS
OF A CIRCLE
The endpoints of the diameter are
given (-6,5) & (4,5). Find Center,
Radius, & C-R-F.
Mid-Point Formula:
Given: (-6,5) &
x1
(4,5)
y1 x2 y2
x1 + x 2
2
, y1 + y2
2
Step 1: Find the center; use mid-point
formula. Radius:
-6 + 4
2
5+ 5
2
, √ 2
(x2-x1 ) + (y2-y1 )
2

-2
2
10
2
, Center-Radius-Form:

c (-1,5)
(x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²
Step 2: Find the radius.
Given: (-1,5) center
x1 y1
(4,5)
any endpoints are
acceptable to use
The endpoints are on
x2 y2 the circumference of
the circle. To find the
√
2
[ 4 - (-1) ] + ( 5 -5 )
2
r=
r= [ 4 + 1 ] center if the given is
√
2
+ (5 -5 )
2

r= √ 5 + 0
2 2
two endpoints, use the
r= √25
r= 5
mid-point formula.
Step 2: Find the C-R-F; Standard
Form.
Given: c (-1 , 5) r=5
2 2
(x+1) + (y-5) =25
 FINDING
Example: TANGENT TO
THE LINE OF
c (-2,3) & is the tangent to the
h k line y=1
A CIRCLE
Step 1: Find the center; use mid-point
formula. Distance Formulas:
Given: y=-4 tangent to the line y: r= /b-k/
the "b" in the solution. tangent to the line x: r= /a-h/
r= /b-k/
r= /-4-3/ Center-Radius-Form:
r= /-7/ (x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²
r=7
Step 2: Find the C-R-F; or the
Standard Form.

Given: (-2,3) r=7

change it's

A tangent to a circle
mathematical signs.
2 2

is a straight line
(x+2) + (y-3) =25

which touches the

circle at only one
point.
 PROBLEM-
Example: SOLVING
A ferris wheel is elevated 1 m above INVOLVING
ground . When car reaches the highest CIRCLE
point on the ferris wheel, its altitude
from ground level is 31 m. How far Standard Equation:
away from the center, horizontally, is
the car when it is at an altitude of
25m?
(x-h)² + (y-k)² = r²
Givens:
1 m above the ground
31 m is the highest peak
Example Graph:
25 m is the altitude of the car

Step 1: Find the radius.

Givens:
1 m above the ground
31 m is the highest peak
d= 30-1
d=30

r= 30
2
r= 15
c= (0,16) r=15
Step 1: Find how far car away from

In this chapter,
the center; use standard form,
x² + (y-16)²=225

we apply the
x² + (25-16)²=225
x²+(9)²=225

circle in the
x²+81=225

real-life
Transpose

x²=225-81
x²=144
x=12m
problems.
 Parabola
at the vertex
(0,0)
Example Fomulas
Vertex: (0,0)
x²=12y Focus: (0,c)
Opening: Upward Directrix: y=-c
Vertex: (0,0) Latus Rectum:
/4c/
4c=12
End of Latus
4 4 Rectum: +-( 2c,c)
c=3 Axis of Symmetry:
Focus: (0,3) x=0

Directrix: y=-3 Example

Latus Rectum: 12 Graph
End of Latus Rectum:
(6,3) , (-6,3)
Axis of Symmetry:
x=0
 Parabola
at the vertex
(0,0)
Example Fomulas
Vertex: (0,0)
x² =16y Focus: (0,-c)
Opening: Downward Directrix: y=c
Vertex: (0,0) Latus Rectum:
/4c/
-4c=-16
End of Latus
-4 -4 Rectum:(-+2c,-c)
c= 4 Axis of Symmetry:
Focus: (0,-4) x=0

Directrix: y=4 Example

Latus Rectum: 16 Graph
End of Latus Rectum:
(8,-4) , (-8,-4)
Axis of Symmetry:
x=0
 Parabola
at the vertex
(0,0)
Example Fomulas
Vertex: (0,0)
y²=16x
Focus: (c,0)
Opening: Right Directrix: x=-c
Vertex: (0,0) Latus Rectum:
/4c/
4c=-16
End of Latus
4 4 Rectum:(c, ±2c)
c=4 Axis of Symmetry:
y=0
Focus: (4,0)
Directrix: x=-4 Example
Latus Rectum: 16 Graph
End of Latus Rectum:
(4,8) , (4,-8)
Axis of Symmetry:
y=0
 Parabola
at the vertex
(0,0)
Example Fomulas
Vertex: (0,0)
y²=-18x
Focus: (-c,0)
Opening: Left Directrix: x=c
Vertex: (0,0) Latus Rectum:
/4c/
-4c=-18
End of Latus
-4 -4 Rectum:(-c, ±2c)
c=9 Axis of Symmetry:
y=0
Focus: (-9,0)
Directrix: y=9 Example
Latus Rectum: 36 Graph
End of Latus Rectum:
(-9,-18) , (-9,18)
Axis of Symmetry:
y=0
 Parabola
at the vertex
(h,k)
Example Fomulas
h (x-1)²=8(y-4) k Vertex: (h,k)
Focus: (h,k+c)
Opening: Upward Directrix: y=k-c
Vertex: (1,4) Latus Rectum:
4c = 8 /4c/
4 4 End of Latus
c= 2 Rectum:(h±2c,k+c)
Focus: (1,4+2) Axis of Symmetry:
(1,6) x=h
Directrix: y= 4-2
y=2 Example
Latus Rectum: 8
End of Latus Rectum:
Graph
[(1+2(2),4+2], [(1-2(2),4+2)]
(1+4,4+2),(1-4,4+2)
(5,6),(-3,6)
Axis of Symmetry: x=1
 Parabola
at the vertex
(h,k)
Example Fomulas
h (x+1)²=-8(y+5)k Vertex: (h,k)
Focus: (h,k-c)
Opening: Downward Directrix: y=k+c
Vertex: (-1,-5) Latus Rectum:
-4c =-8 /4c/
-4 -4 End of Latus
c= 2 Rectum:(h±2c,k-c)
Focus: (-1,-5-2) Axis of Symmetry:
(-1,-7) x=h
Directrix: y= -5+2
y=-3 Example
Latus Rectum: 8
End of Latus Rectum:
Graph
[(-1+2(2),-5-2],
[(-1-2(2),-5-2)]
(-1+4,-5-2),(-1-4,-5-2)
(3,-7),(-5,-7)
Axis of Symmetry: x=-1
 Parabola
at the vertex
(h,k)
Example Fomulas
k (y-1)²= 8(x-4) h Vertex: (h,k)
Focus: (h+c,k)
Opening: Right Directrix: x=h-c
Vertex: (4,1) Latus Rectum:
4c =8 /4c/
4 4 End of Latus
c= 2 Rectum:(h+c,k±2c)
Focus: (4+2,1) Axis of Symmetry:
(6,1) y=k
Directrix: x=4-2
x=2 Example
Latus Rectum: 8
End of Latus Rectum:
Graph
[4+2,1+2(2)], [4+2, 1-2(2)]
(4+2,1+4),(4+2,1-4)
(6,5),(6,-3)
Axis of Symmetry: y=1
 Parabola
at the vertex
(h,k)
Example Fomulas
k (y-3)²= -12(x+4) h Vertex: (h,k)
Focus: (h-c,k)
Opening: Left Directrix: x=h+c
Vertex: (-4,3) Latus Rectum:
-4c =-12 /4c/
-4 -4 End of Latus
c= 3 Rectum:(h-c,k±2c)
Focus: (-4-3,3) Axis of Symmetry:
(-7,3) y=k
Directrix: x=-4+3
x=-1 Example
Latus Rectum: 8
End of Latus Rectum:
Graph
[-4-3,3+2(3)], [-4-3, 3-2(3)]
(-4-3,3+6),(-4-3,3-6)
(-7,9),(-7,-3)
Axis of Symmetry: y=3
 Vertex to
General Form of
a Parabola
Example Fomulas
(y-3)²= -2(x+1) Standard Form:
(y-k)²=±c(x-h)
Step 1: Expand. (x-h)²=±c(y-k)
y²-6y+9=-2x-2 General Form:
Step 2: Transpose Ax²+Cx+Dy+E=0
y²-6y+9+2x+2=0 By²+Cx+Dy+E=0
Step 3: Make it General Form.
y²+2x-6y+11=0

y²= 3(x-1)
y²=3x-3
y²-3x-3=0
 General to
Vertex Form of
a Parabola
Example Fomulas
x²+10x-2y+23=0 Standard Form:
(y-k)²=±c(x-h)
Step 1: Transpose. (x-h)²=±c(y-k)
x²+10x=2y-23 General Form:
Step 2: Make it Perfect Ax²+Cx+Dy+E=0
Square Trinomial. By²+Cx+Dy+E=0
x²+10x+_=2y-23+_
Step 3: Get the middle term,
divide by 2, and multiply by
itself.
x²+10x+25=2y-23+25
Step 4. Make it Square of
Binomial.
(x+5)²=2y+2
Step 5. Make it Standard
Form.
(x+5)²=2(y+1)
ELLIPSE at center (0,0)
Example

Example gRaph

Formula
ELLIPSE at center (0,0)
Example

Example gRaph

Formula
ELLIPSE at center (0,0)
Example

Example gRaph

Formula
ELLIPSE at center (0,0)
Example

Example gRaph

Formula
ELLIPSE at center (0,0)
Example

Example gRaph

Formula