Project title:

Treatment of stabilized leachate by using composite coagulant and electrocoagulation

under the influence of distance between electrode, current density and duration of
current flow

P R E PA R E D B Y : U M M I S U R AYA B T M D YAT I M M U S TA FA , D F 1 4 0 0 4 3

N A M E O F S U P E RV I S O R : D R . N U R S H AY L I N D A B T M O H D Z I N

P R E PA R E D F O R : P N . A Z R A M U N I R A H B T E M AT D A U D , H J H . R O S L I N D A
B T E S E S W O YA
 Introduction
1. Production of landfill leachate became one of the potential
environmental impact (Pajooh and Cuff, 2017).

2. It is generated from a mixture of rainwater absorption

through wastes, water passing through matter, extracts
soluble or suspended solids, or any other component of the
waste material microorganisms (Qi, Hu, Ghulam et al.,
2013).

3. Landfill leachate must be treated to meet the standard

requirement for discharge into the receiving water (Qi et
al., 2013)
 Problem of Statement
1. Physicochemical treatment alone generally is not preferred to be carried out as it requires high
costs of operation (Bazrafshan, Alipour, Mahvi, 2015).

2. Based on the past research by Shannag et al., (2014), the used of coagulants in electrocoagulation
gave better result in treatment where its removal efficiency had been increased.

3. Shannag et al., (2014) stated that there were reasons behind why coagulants used in EC process
because the flocculants increased the electrical conductivity in wastewater and they also
contributed in the formation of coagulants as the case in the traditional coagulation method
 Objectives
1. To determine the removal of colour, ammonia nitrogen, turbidity and Chemical Oxygen

Demand (COD) of stabilized leachate by using composite coagulant (tapioca flour +

polyaluminium chloride) and electrocoagulation under the influence of distance between

electrode, current density and duration of current flow.

 Objectives (cont.)
2. To compare the efficiency of composite coagulant (PAC + TF) and electrocoagulation
removal with effluent discharge limit according to Environmental Quality (Control of
Pollution From Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009 (PU(A) 433)
which stated the standard acceptable conditions for discharge of leachate (Regulation 13) are
100 ADMI (American Dye Manufactures Institute) for color, 5 mg/L for ammonia nitrogen
and 400 mg/L for COD.
 Scope of Study

1. This study will focus on the optimizing of distance between electrodes, the current density and
operation time of electrocoagulation (EC) treatment using Iron electrodes.

2. It focused on investigation based on the objectives by using composite coagulant consist of

chemical and natural coagulant (PAC + TF) in the treatment of leachate sample taken from
Simpang Renggam landfill.
 Literature Review
1. In this study, composite coagulant consists of chemical coagulant (Polyaluminum Chloride) and
organic coagulant (Tapioca Flour) will be used to remove the parameter of colour, ammonia,
turbidity and COD in leachate.

2. Gao et al., (2008) stated that the using of composite coagulant helps to reduce the dosing operation
and cost.
Combined Treatment of Coagulation-
Electrocoagulation
TYPE OF COAGULANT-AID PERCENTAGE AUTHOR
WASTEWATER REMOVAL

1. Industries effluent Polyaluminum Chloride 95% of hexavalent Sadeghi, Moghaddam,

chromium Arami, 2017

2. Water defluoridated Activated Silica Sol Brings Sinha and Mathur, 2015
down residual
aluminium to a much
lower range of
0.0030.034 mg/L.

3. Palm oil mill effluent Polyaluminum Chloride 70% of COD removal Nasrullah, Singh,
Mohamad et al., 2016
 TYPE OF COAGULANT-AID PERCENTAGE AUTHOR
WASTEWATER REMOVAL

4. Slaughterhouse Polyaluminum Chloride 75% of COD Bazrafshan, Mostafapour,

wastewater Farzadkia et al., 2012
Methodology

Research Flow Chart

Sampling Location
The selected location for leachate sample collection is at
Simpang Renggam Landfill Site which is located in Johor, at a
latitude of 10 5341.64 north and longitude of 1030 2234.68
east in Kluang district.

The distance between the landfill site and University of Tun

Hussein Onn (UTHM) is approximately 23.7 km away. It has
been managed by the government for many years and receives
about 250 tonnes of domestic waste daily (Daud, Abubakar,
Kadir et al.,2016).
Experimental Procedures

Consist of two stages of procedures which is

combination of coagulation and
electrocoagulation.
Combination of coagulation and
electrocoagulation (Two Stages)
FIXED PARAMETER VALUE

1. Dosage of PAC (g/L) 1.5

2. Dosage of TF (g/L) 0.2

3. Rapid Mixing (rpm) 200

4. Slow Mixing (rpm) 30

5. pH 5
Combination of coagulation and
electrocoagulation (Two Stages) cont..

VARIABLE PARAMETER RANGE

1. Distance between iron electrode (cm) 2.5 10.5

2. Current density (A cm-2) 0.16 - 0.5

3. Duration of current flow (minute) 0 - 58

 Removal Parameter
No Parameter Standard Method
1. Colour HACH Method : 8025

2. Turbidity HACH Method : 8237

3. Ammonia HACH Method : 8038

4. COD HACH Method : 8000

*based on Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
(APHA, 2012)
Expected Outcome

The application of composite coagulant and electrocoagulation is able to improve the percentage

removal of colour, ammonia, turbidity and COD from stabilized leachate up to permissible limit.
References
1. Mohammad-pajooh, E., Weichgrebe, D., & Cuff, G. (2017). Municipal landfill leachate
characteristics and feasibility of retrofitting existing treatment systems with
deammonification. A full scale survey. Journal of Environmental Management, 187, 354364.
2. Zhang, Q. Q., Tian, B. H., Zhang, X., Ghulam, A., Fang, C. R., & He, R. (2013).Investigation
on characteristics of leachate and concentrated leachate in three landfill leachate treatment
plants. Waste Management, 33(11), 22772286.
3. Bazrafshan, E., Alipour, M. R., & Mahvi, A. H. (2016). Textile wastewater treatment by
application of combined chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and adsorption processes.
Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(20), 92039215.
4. Taylor, P., Al-shannag, M., Lafi, W., Bani-melhem, K., Gharagheer, F., Al-shannag, M., Gharagheer,
F. (2012). Separation Science and Technology Reduction of COD and TSS from Paper Industries
Wastewater using Electro-Coagulation and Chemical Coagulation Reduction of COD and TSS from
Paper Industries Wastewater using Electro-Coagulation and Chemical Coagulation, (November 2014),
3741.

5. Daud, Z. (2017). Adsorption Studies of Leachate on Cockle Shells. International Journal of

GEOMATE, 12(29), 4652.