A

PRESENTATION ON
“BIOMASS -- RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM PLANTS AND ANIMALS”

SESSION 2008-09

POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGG.

SITAPURA(RAJASTHAN)-JAIPUR

BY
GAJENDRA KHANDELWAL
III YEAR V SEM EE.
 INTRODUCTION
BIOMASS ENEGRY: Biomass energy is normally produced from firewood,
agricultural residues such as bagasse,
alcohol fuels, crop stalks, animal dung and wastes generated from agro-based
industries.

Potential in India - 16,000 MW (excluding co-generation)

Installed capacity - 630 MW Project under implementation - 630 MW

APPLICATIONS

Power generation
Biomass Gasification for thermal heating and power
generation
Biogas generation for cooking and distributed power
generation
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, CROP STALKS, MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE , URBAN WOOD RESIDUES
TYPES, PRODUCTION, AND USES

Agricultural Wastes

Agricultural wastes are plant parts left over after farmers have
harvested their crops include stalks, husks, pruning, straw, and corn
cobs.

Agricultural wastes can be collected, dried, and burned to produce

energy.

Wisconsin produced about 1.7 trillion Btu of energy from crop residues
in 1994

Alcohol Fuels

Certain plants can be used to produce liquid alcohol fuels such as

ethanol (grain alcohol) and methanol (wood alcohol).
 Both ethanol and methanol can be used to run cars, trucks, and
buses
Gasoline mixed with 10% ethanol, called gasohol, sold in many
service stations in U.S.

Animal Wastes

Animal waste such as manure have long provided biomass fuel for
rural societies.

Manure placed in tanks called anaerobic digesters produce biogas

(60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide).

Municipal Solid Waste (Msw)

Waste disposed of by residents and businesses, called municipal

solid waste (MSW), can provide a source of fuel.
 Another source of fuel from MSW is landfill gas produced by the
breakdown of organic material.

VARIOUS APPLICATIONS THAT ARE WIDELY IN USE ARE THE

FOLLOWING

Biomass-based power generation

Biomass based power plants can generate grid quality power.

1 MW grid biomass plant operating for 5000 hrs in a year require

about 6000T of dry wood (Approximately 1.3 kg of dry wood per kWh).

There are four main types direct-fired, co-fired, gasification, and

modular systems.
 The investment required

Typical 1 MW = varies from Rs. 3.5 to 4.0 Crores.

Advantages of using Biomass

Cheap Prices
Readily Available
Continuous And Long Term Source
Reduces The Unemployment In Various Countries
Biofuel Generation
There are two common strategies of producing biofuels.
sugar cane, sugar beet and sweet sorghum produce ethyl alcohol
The second is to grow plants that contain high amounts of vegetable
oil

.
 EFFECTS
Benefits
Biomass is a renewable resource
Increase rural economies by providing jobs.
Using ethanol and methanol fuels in motor vehicles helps conserve
oil resources.
SO2 & NO emissions from burning biomass fuels are generally lower
than those from burning coal.

Drawbacks
Harm wildlife habitats and may contribute to soil erosion.
Repeatedly growing the same plants reduce biological diversity
Burning agricultural wastes may deprive the soil of nutrients; burning
municipal solid waste may produce toxic emissions.
CONCLUSION
Biomass fuels are versatile which allows nations different levels of
technical development to meet their energy needs without having to import
energy resources.

The use of biomass fuels is increasing, but these fuels are not
likely to replace the use of fossil fuels in the near future unless gasoline
prices rise substantially.