A very effective way of preventing cold

cracks
In order to delay the cooling of the welded
This promotes an increased release of
Hydrogen
It can minimize the residual stress condition.
Depending on the welding conditions, the
mechanical and technological properties, in
particular the hardness and toughness of
the heat-affected zone [HAZ ] can be
influenced to a greater or lesser degree
 Pre heating depend on
The chemicaI composition of the bas e material
(carbon equivalent) and the weid metal,
The thickness of the work piece and the type
of weld joint (two- or three-dimensional heat
flow),
The welding process and the welding parameters
(energy input per unit length of weid),
The shrinkage and transformation stresses
The diffusible hydrogen content of the weid
metal.
Hull
Stern tube
Main Engine
Propeller
Steam Boiler
Crane load suspension
Pressure vessel
Quantitative influence on pre heating
temperature
 Possible methods to determine pre
heating temperature
DIN EN 1011-2:2001 - Annex C, Method A
(derived trom the British Standard) graphical
determination
DIN EN 1011-2:2001 - Annex e, Method B
(based on SEW 88) computational determination
AWS D1.1 C Annex I (American method)
computational tabular
determination
JIS B 8285:2003 (Japanese method on the basis
of the carbon equivalent Pcm )
Quantitative influence on pre heating
temperature comparation
EN1011-2 Method A
EN1011-2 Method B
Pre heating temperatures estimation