1.0 Introduction To Android

Android
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Introduction to
Android Developer Fundamentals Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 1
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Introduction to
Android Developer Fundamentals Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
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What is Android?
Mobile operating system based on Linux kernel
User Interface for touch screens
Used on over 80% of all smartphones
Powers devices such as watches, TVs, and cars
Over 2 Million Android apps in Google Play store
Highly customizable for devices / by vendors
Open source

Introduction to
Android
Android Software Developer Kit (SDK)
Development tools (debugger, monitors, editors)
Libraries (maps, wearables)
Virtual devices (emulators)
Documentation (developers.android.com)
Sample code

Introduction to
Android
Android stack
1. System and user apps

2. Android OS API in
Java framework
3. Expose native APIs;
run apps
4. Expose device
hardware capabilities
5. Linux Kernel

Introduction to
Android
What is an Android app?
One or more interactive screens

Written using Java Programming Language and XML
Uses the Android Software Development Kit (SDK)
Uses Android libraries and Android Application
Framework
Executed by Android Runtime Virtual machine (ART)
Introduction to
Android
App building blocks
Resources: layouts, images, strings, colors as XML and

media files
Components: activities, services, , and helper classes as
Java code
Manifest: information about app for the runtime
Build configuration: APK versions in Gradle config files

Introduction to
Android
Component types
Activity is a single screen with a user interface

Service performs long-running tasks in background
Content provider manages shared set of data
Broadcast receiver responds to system-wide
announcements

Introduction to
Android
Everything you see is a view
If you look at your mobile device,
every user interface element that
you see is a View.
Views

Introduction to
Android
Examples of views
Button CheckBox
RadioButton
EditText
Switch
SeekBar

Introduction to
Android
Creating and laying out views
Graphically within Android Studio
XML Files
Programmatically

Introduction to
Android
Views defined in Layout Editor
Visual representation of
what's in XML file.
Introduction to
Android
Views defined in XML
<TextView
android:id="@+id/show_count"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@color/myBackgroundColor"
android:text="@string/count_initial_value"
android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
android:textSize="@dimen/count_text_size"
android:textStyle="bold"
/>
Introduction to
Android
Create View in Java code
context
In an Activity:
TextView myText = new TextView(this);

myText.setText("Display this text!");

Introduction to
Android
What is the context?
Context is an interface to global information about an
application environment
Get the context:
Context context = getApplicationContext();
An activity is its own context:
TextView myText = new TextView(this);

Introduction to
Android
ViewGroup views
A ViewGroup (parent) is a type of view that can contain other
views (children)
ViewGroup is the base class for layouts and view containers
ScrollViewscrollable view that contains one child view
LinearLayoutarrange views in horizontal/vertical row
RecyclerViewscrollable "list" of views or view groups

Introduction to
Android
Common Layout Classes
LinearLayout RelativeLayout GridLayout TableLayout

Introduction to
Android
Events
Something that happens
In UI: Click, tap, drag
Events are "noticed" by the Android system

Introduction to
Android
Event Handlers
Methods that do something in response to a click
A method, called an event handler, is triggered by a
specific event and does something in response to the
event

Introduction to
Android
Handling clicks in XML & Java
Attach handler to view in Implement handler in activity:
public void showToast(View view) {
layout:
String msg = "Hello Toast!";
android:onClick="showToast"
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(
this, msg, duration);
toast.show();
}
}

Introduction to
Android
Setting click handlers in Java
final Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_id);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
String msg = "Hello Toast!";
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(this, msg, duration);
toast.show();
}
});

Introduction to
Android
Resources
Separate static data from code in your layouts.

Strings, dimensions, images, menu text, colors, styles
Useful for localization

Introduction to
Android
What is an Activity?
An Activity is an application component
Represents one window, one hierarchy of views
Typically fills the screen, but can be embedded in other
activity or a appear as floating window
Java class, typically one activity in one file

Introduction to
Android
Examples of activities

Introduction to
Android
Activity Life Cycle

Introduction to
Android
Implement new activities
1.Define layout in XML
2.Define Activity Java class
extends AppCompatActivity
3.Connect Activity with Layout
Set content view in onCreate()
4.Declare Activity in the Android manifest

Introduction to
Android
1.Define layout in XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Let's Shop for Food!" />
</RelativeLayout>
Introduction to
Android
2. Define Activity Java class
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
}

Introduction to
Android
3. Connect activity with layout
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
} Resource is layout in this XML file

Introduction to
Android
4. Declare activity in Android manifest
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">

Introduction to
Android
4. Declare main activity in manifest
Main Activity needs to include intent to start from launcher icon
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

Introduction to
Android
Intents

Introduction to
Android
What is an intent?
An intent is a description of an operation to be performed.
An Intent is an object used to request an action from another
app component via the Android system.
Originator App component
Intent Action
Android
System
Introduction to
Android
What can intents do?
Start activities
A button click starts a new activity for text entry
Clicking Share opens an app that allows you to post a photo
Start services
Initiate downloading a file in the background
Deliver broadcasts
The system informs everybody that the phone is now charging

Introduction to
Android
Explicit and implicit intents
Explicit Intent
Starts a specific activity
Request tea with milk delivered by Nikita
Main activity starts the ViewShoppingCart activity
Implicit Intent
Asks system to find an activity that can handle this request
Find an open store that sells green tea
Clicking Share opens a chooser with a list of apps

Introduction to
Android
Start an Activity with an explicit intent
To start a specific activity, use an explicit intent
1.Create an intent
Intent intent = new Intent(this, ActivityName.class);
2.Use the intent to start the activity
startActivity(intent);

Introduction to
Android
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Your App!

Introduction to
Android

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Android

This work is licensed under a Creative

MILLION 150,000+ Most Awarded

This work is licensed under a Creative

This work is licensed under a Creative

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1. System and user apps

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One or more interactive screens

Resources: layouts, images, strings, colors as XML and

This work is licensed under a Creative

Activity is a single screen with a user interface

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This work is licensed under a Creative

This work is licensed under a Creative

Graphically within Android Studio

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TextView myText = new TextView(this);

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This work is licensed under a Creative

This work is licensed under a Creative

LinearLayout RelativeLayout GridLayout TableLayout

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This work is licensed under a Creative

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Separate static data from code in your layouts.

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This work is licensed under a Creative

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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

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Originator App component

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This work is licensed under a Creative

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